Status of theileriosis among herbivores in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Research (Published online: 19-03-2018)

13. Status of theileriosis among herbivores in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Masoud Soosaraei, Mousa Motavalli Haghi, Fariborz Etemadifar, Mahdi Fakhar, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi and Shabnam Asfaram

Veterinary World, 11(3): 332-341

ABSTRACT

Aim: Theileriosis is a protozoal disease caused by Theileria spp. mostly in warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide. It is one of the common tick-borne diseases among domestic animals in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have a variety of unlikable effects on health economy and animal welfare. In the present study, the prevalence of theileriosis among domestic farm animals in Iran was systematically evaluated.

Methods: To identify the related papers, 10 English and Persian databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Medical Subject Headings, Google Scholar, Magiran, Barakatns (formerly Iranmedex), Elm net, and Scientific Information Database, were appraised for articles published throughout 1999-2017.

Results: A total of 56 papers, providing the examination of 11,317 cattle, 9394 sheep, 2991 buffaloes, 1504 horses, 600 goats, and 212 donkeys were analyzed, matching for the prevalence of theileriosis from different parts of Iran were permitted for our allowing checklist. The overall prevalence of theileriosis among domestic herbivores was expected to be 19% (95% confidence interval: 15%, 22%). Our findings highlighted the average of the maximum prevalence in Razavi Khorasan (60.4%) and West Azerbaijan (49.1%) and the minimum in Mazandaran (1.1%) and East Azerbaijan provinces (2.2%), respectively. The high prevalence of Theileriainfection in the herbivores (mainly sheep) verifies the well-known enzootic episode of theileriosis in Iran, predominantly in northeastern and western parts of the country.

Conclusion: Our results suggested updated and imperative information on the true burden of theileriosis in Iran. Moreover, it could be supporting the gaps among monitoring, prevention, and control arrangements to improve the health economy, particularly among dairy farm animals.

Keywords: epidemiology, Iran, livestock, systematic review, Theileria spp.

Serum cortisol level and survival rate of juvenile Epinephelus fuscoguttatus following exposure to different salinities

Research (Published online: 17-03-2018)

12. Serum cortisol level and survival rate of juvenile Epinephelus fuscoguttatus following exposure to different salinities

Diyana Tahir, M. Shariff, Fadhil Syukri and F. M. Yusoff

Veterinary World, 11(3): 327-331

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is a premium marine food fish with high demand in Asia. In fish, stress due to environmental changes such as fluctuations in the salinity can result in increased cortisol level. Stress in fish increases susceptibility to diseases ultimately resulting in death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the salinity tolerance of E. fuscoguttatus and their survival in lower salinities.

Materials and Methods: In this study, grouper juveniles (92.43±standard error of the mean 0.51 mm) maintained in 31 ppt seawater were transferred into five tanks with seawater diluted to 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 ppt. The salinity of the control group was not changed and was maintained at 31 ppt. Serum cortisol was measured using ELISA at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after the fish were transferred to the different concentrations of salinity.

Results: The survival percentage was recorded for 14 days following the transfer and the results revealed that serum cortisol of fish in a high change in salinity (15, 10, and 5 ppt) was significantly higher than the control group immediately after exposure. At the high salinity change, the cortisol levels gradually decrease at 30 min and 60 min, until no difference in cortisol concentration was observed at 120 min. No mortality was observed in fish exposed to low salinity change (25 and 20 ppt) while in higher salinity change (5 ppt), the survival percentage was 50%.

Conclusion: The study revealed that the serum cortisol concentration was high initially and continues to decrease to resting cortisol level at 120 min indicating that cortisol hormone is released following acute stress as a primary response in grouper juveniles.

Keywords: cortisol, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, salinity, serum, stress, survival.

The activity of pomegranate extract standardized 40% ellagic acid during the healing process of incision wounds in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Research (Published online: 17-03-2018)

11. The activity of pomegranate extract standardized 40% ellagic acid during the healing process of incision wounds in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti, Hardany Primarizky and Bambang Sektiari Lukiswanto

Veterinary World, 11(3): 321-326

Aim: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid on the incised wound in albino rats.

Materials and Methods: Fifty albino rats were divided into 10 treatment groups. The five groups were sacrificed on the 8th day, while the others were sacrificed on the 15th day. Two groups of albino rats with incised wound were not treated at all (P0), the other two groups of albino rats with incised wound were treated with Betadine® (P1) ointment, and the rest of the groups were treated with pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid with a concentration of 2.5% (P2), 5% (P3), and 7.5% (P4). The treatments were carried out twice a day with an interval of 12 h for 7 and 14 days. At the end of the research, the skin tissue of those albino rats had been taken for histopathologic preparations before H and E staining was performed.

Results: Collagen deposition, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) infiltration, angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree in Group P4 treated with 7.5% pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid for 14 days were significantly different from those in Groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, especially in the case of PMN inflammation (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The administration of 7.5% pomegranate extract standardized to 40% ellagic acid for 14 days on incised wounds of those albino rats can accelerate the wound healing process characterized by collagen deposition improvement, PMN infiltration in the wound area, angiogenesis, and fibrosis degree.

Keywords: albino rats, ellagic acid, incision wound, pomegranate, wound healing process.

Prevalence and characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in bovine milk in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India

Research (Published online: 16-03-2018)

10. Prevalence and characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in bovine milk in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India

Neeraj Shrivastava, Varsha Sharma, Arpita Shrivastav, Anju Nayak and Ajay Kumar Rai

Veterinary World, 11(3): 316-320

ABSTRACT

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive Staphylococcus aureus in bovine milk due to its public health significance.

Materials and Methods: A total of 400 milk samples of bovines taken from different dairy farms and outlets of Jabalpur were screened for the S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The strains were tested for the PVL gene and antimicrobial sensitivity toward 10 different classes of antimicrobial agents. The PVL-positive S. aureus strains were further characterized by staphylococcal protein A or spa typing.

Results: The prevalence of PVL-positive S. aureus was 10.53%. All the isolates positive for the PVL were resistant to methicillin, while the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates were negative for the PVL. Five different spa types were found.

Conclusion: The presence of PVL-positive MRSA in bovine milk close to consumer poses a potential public health risk to the community.

Keywords: bovine milk, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Panton-Valentine leukocidin.

Three Strigeid cercariae from Littorina littorea snail, Qarun Lake, Fayoum, Egypt

Research (Published online: 14-03-2018)

9. Three Strigeid cercariae from Littorina littorea snail, Qarun Lake, Fayoum, Egypt

Fayez A. Bakry, Marwa Th. Atwa and Marwa M. Attia

Veterinary World, 11(3): 310-315

ABSTRACT

Aim: The present study aims to focus on the role of common marine snails (Littorina littorea) as a vector for some trematode parasites.

Materials and Methods: A total of 327 marine water L. littorea snails were collected during the summer of 2016 from a Qarun lake in the EL-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. The snails were investigated for infection by trematode parthenitae through induction of cercarial shedding by exposure to light and crushing the snails. The species were stored in Search Laboratory of Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.

Results: Three species of Strigeid littorina cercaria were identified from the infected snails. They are described here and they identified in relation to close-up morphological features and linked to its snail hosts. They give the following names: Cercaria strigeid littorina type 1, C. strigeid littorina type 2, and C. strigeid littorina type 3. The incidence of infection by these cercariae was 33%, 25.7%, and 2.4%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study is clarifying the importance of this marine snail as intermediate hosts for new trematode species.

Keywords: Littorina littorea, Qarun Lake, Strigeid Cercaria.

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Apis melliferaLawang propolis extract gel-treated traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats

Research (Published online: 14-03-2018)

8. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Apis melliferaLawang propolis extract gel-treated traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats

Diah Savitri Ernawati and Ade Puspa

Veterinary World, 11(3): 304-309

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Apis mellifera propolis extract gel on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the traumatic ulcers of rats afflicted with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with DM by injecting 50 mg/kg of Streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, and a traumatic ulcer on their lower lip mucosa. These were divided into eight groups: Four each for control and treatment groups. Each control and treatment group consisted of three rats. The control groups treated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 5% gel and treatment groups were administered with propolis extract gel. The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was observed on days 3, 5, 7, and 9. Furthermore, mice sacrificed and the lower lip labial mucosa tissue of mice has been taken to make the histopathology anatomy preparation by means of immunohistochemical examination with monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-MMP-9.

Results: This experiment revealed higher VEGF expression and lower MMP-9 expression in the treatment group as compared to that of the control group. Analysis of Variance showed significant differences (p<0.01) of both VEGF expression and MMP-9 expression between the two groups. A Tukey's analysis did not find strong contrasts in VEGF and MMP-9 expressions between various treatment groups. However, those between treatment and control groups were found to be considerable.

Conclusion: Propolis extract gel increased the expression of VEGF and decreased that of MMP-9 during the healing process of traumatic ulcers on the oral mucosa of diabetes afflicted Wistar rats (R. norvegicus).

Keywords: diabetes mellitus, matrix metalloproteinase-9, ulcer healing process, vascular endothelial growth factor expression.

Meta-analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5-year study

Research (Published online: 13-03-2018)

7. Meta-analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5-year study

S. S. Patil, K. P. Suresh, S. Saha, A. Prajapati, D. Hemadri and P. Roy

Veterinary World, 11(3): 297-303

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the overall prevalence of classical swine fever (CSF) in pigs in India, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data.

Materials and Methods: Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture, India, Google Scholar, PubMed, annual reports of All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance,and All India Animal Disease database of NIVEDI (NADRES) were used for searching and retrieval of CSF prevalence data (seroprevalence, virus antigen, and virus nucleic acid detection) in India using a search strategy combining keywords and related database-specific subject terms from January 2011 to December 2015 in English only.

Results: A total of 22 data reports containing 6,158 samples size from 18 states of India were used for the quantitative synthesis, and overall 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.51) CSF prevalence in India was estimated. The data were classified into 4 different geographical zones of the country: 20% (95% CI=0.05, 0.55), 31% (95% CI=0.18, 0.47), 55% (95% CI=0.32, 0.76), and 34% (95% CI=0.14, 0.62). CSF prevalence was estimated in northern, eastern, western, and southern regions, respectively.

Conclusion: This study indicates that overall prevalence of CSF in India is much lower than individual published reports.

Keywords: Classical swine fever, India, meta-analysis, pigs, prevalence.