Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia

Research (Published online: 14-11-2016)

12. Relationship between hepcidin and oxidant/antioxidant status in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia - E. E. Erkilic, H. M. Erdogan, M. Ogun, A. H. Kirmizigul, E. Gokce, M. Kuru and A. Kukurt

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1238-1241

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1238-1241

Abstract

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Aim: This study has been conducted for the purpose of determining serum hepcidin, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and Fe levels in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia before and after treatment and the clinical significance of hepcidin in calves with suspected neonatal septicemia.

Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of 15 calves of different ages and sexes brought to the Training, Research and Application Center at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with suspected neonatal septicemia. 8.5 mL of blood was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal into coagulant tubes before and after treatment for one-off biochemical analyses and centrifuged. After this, the serum was separated. Hepcidin, TAS, TOS, and Fe levels in the serum were measured.

Results: While pre-treatment hepcidin levels were 58.42±3.46 ng/mL, post-treatment levels were 46.87±2.98 ng/mL (p<0.05). Pre-treatment Fe levels were 60.13±7.27 μg/dl, while post-treatment levels were 83.1±8.09 μg/dl (p<0.05). The changes in the TAS and TOS levels were also found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: In light of the fact that hepcidin plays a role function in the regulation of Fe as well as the fact that Fe is a significant nutritional source for many microorganisms, it was concluded that hepcidin may play a significant role in nutritional immunity and the pathogenesis of diseases.

Keywords: Fe, hepcidin, oxidative stress, septicemia.

Evaluation of five treatments to control intestinal parasites in sheep in Ayapango, state of Mexico

Research (Published online: 12-11-2016)

11. Evaluation of five treatments to control intestinal parasites in sheep in Ayapango, state of Mexico - Rafael Heredia, Emma Aguilar, Camilo Romero, Linda Bautista and Germán Mendoza

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1233-1237

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1233-1237

Abstract

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Aim: Intestinal parasites are one of the most common problems in sheep production systems. However, the strategies used to eliminate these parasites have not yielded satisfactory results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of five anthelmintics (with different active ingredients) on the parasite load in sheep.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 107 Rambouillet breed sheep were randomly assigned to five groups. Next, fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and sent to the laboratory for analysis. We then dewormed each group of sheep using different anthelmintic products: Ivermectin 1%/clorsulon 10%, levamisole 12%, closantel sodium 5%, ivermectin 10%, and closantel 5%/albendazole 3.75% with a dosage corresponding to each sheep. At 15 days post-treatment, we took fecal samples and performed a coproparasitoscopic study, using the Faust flotation technique to assess the presence or absence of parasite eggs and the McMaster technique to quantify eggs.

Results: Ivermectin/clorsulon was more effective in eliminating parasites than other anthelmintics used, especially in Haemonchus spp.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that using ivermectin/clorsulon decreases the number of eggs in feces and is one alternative in controlling parasites in sheep, leading to a reduction in the incidence of health problems, and consequently, improved productivity.

Keywords: anthelmintics, control, intestinal parasites, sheep.

Laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer

Review (Published online: 11-11-2016)

10. Laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer - Dhanya Venugopalan Nair and A. Gopala Reddy

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1229-1232

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1229-1232

Abstract

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The incidence of esophageal cancer is rapidly increasing especially in developing countries. The major risk factors include unhealthy lifestyle practices such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and chewing tobacco to name a few. Diagnosis at an advanced stage and poor prognosis make esophageal cancer one of the most lethal diseases. These factors have urged further research in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Animal models not only aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal cancer but also help in developing therapeutic interventions for the disease. This review throws light on the various recent laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer.

Keywords: animal model, cancer, esophagus, mice, rat.

Biocomputational analysis of evolutionary relationship between toll-like receptor and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors genes

Research (Published online: 10-11-2016)

9. Biocomputational analysis of evolutionary relationship between toll-like receptor and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors genes - Rabia Bhardwaj, Chandra Shekhar Mukhopadhyay, Dipak Deka, Ramneek Verma, P. P. Dubey and J. S. Arora

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1218-1228

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1218-1228

Abstract

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Aim: The active domains (TIR and NACHT) of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs: Toll-like receptors [TLRs] and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptors [NLR], respectively) are the major hotspots of evolution as natural selection has crafted their final structure by substitution of residues over time. This paper addresses the evolutionary perspectives of the TLR and NLR genes with respect to the active domains in terms of their chronological fruition, functional diversification, and species-specific stipulation.

Materials and Methods: A total of 48 full-length cds (and corresponding peptide) of the domains were selected as representatives of each type of PRRs, belonging to divergent animal species, for the biocomputational analyses. The secondary and tertiary structure of the taurine TIR and NACHT domains was predicted to compare the relatedness among the domains under study.

Results: Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree results indicated that these host-specific PRRs formed entirely different clusters, with active domains of NLRs (NACHT) evolved earlier as compared to the active domains of TLRs (TIR). Each type of TLR or NLR shows comparatively less variation among the animal species due to the specificity of action against the type of microbes.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that there has been no positive selection acting on the domains associated with disease resistance which is a fitness trait indicating the extent of purifying pressure on the domains. Gene duplication could be a possible reason of genesis of similar kinds of TLRs (virus or bacteria specific).

Keywords: bioinformatics, domain, evolution, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, selection pressure, toll-like receptor.

Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Jabalpur, India

Research (Published online: 09-11-2016)

8. Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in Jabalpur, India - Priyanka Marskole, Yamini Verma, Alok Kumar Dixit and Madhu Swamy

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1214-1217

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1214-1217

Abstract

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Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and buffaloes of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Materials and Methods: The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples were detected using standard qualitative and quantitative methods. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts.

Results: Out of 120 cattle and buffaloes examined, 73.33% were found positive for eggs of one or more species of GI parasite. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in cattle (75%) as compared to that of buffaloes (70.45%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). Sex wise prevalence of GI parasites was higher in males as compared to that of females, but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The animals above 2 years of age were more affected by GI parasites as compared to animals of 6 months - 2 years of age, but the age wise differences were nonsignificant (p>0.05). Single parasitic infections were more common than mixed infections. The monthly prevalence of GI parasites in cattle and buffaloes were highest in the month of September (81.81%) and least in December (61.11%). The eggs/oocysts per gram in most of the animals, was in the range of 201-300.

Conclusion: GI parasites are problem in cattle and buffaloes of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The prevalence rate of GI parasites varied with month. The burden of parasitic infection was moderate in most animals warranting treatment.

Keywords: buffalo, cattle, eggs/oocysts per gram, gastrointestinal parasites, prevalence.

In vitro evaluation of different varieties of maize fodder for their methane generation potential and digestibility with goat rumen liquor

Research (Published online: 08-11-2016)

7. In vitro evaluation of different varieties of maize fodder for their methane generation potential and digestibility with goat rumen liquor - Shalini Vaswani, Ravindra Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Debashis Roy and Muneendra Kumar

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1209-1213

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1209-1213

Abstract

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Aim: To evaluate the methane generation potential and digestibility of different (normal and three high-quality protein maize [HQPM]) varieties of maize fodder with goat rumen liquor in vitro.

Materials and Methods: Methane production potential and digestibility of different varieties of maize fodder were tested in in vitro gas production test. Seven varieties of maize, four normal (HTHM 5101, DHM 117, HM 5, and Shaktiman/900 M Gold), and three high-quality protein (HQPM 5, HQPM 7, and HQPM 9/Vivek) were grown in different plots under the same environmental and agro-climatic conditions. Fodders were harvested at 45-50 days of sowing, and the representative samples of fodder from different varieties of maize were collected for analysis. Dried and grinded form of these maize fodder varieties was tested for gas, methane, and digestibility using goat rumen microflora in in vitro gas syringes.

Results: Gas production (ml/g dry matter [DM]) was highest for HM5 variety (97.66, whereas lowest for HQPM 9 variety (64.22). Gas production (ml/g degraded DM [DDM]) and methane (%) were statistically similar in different varieties of maize fodder. The methane production expressed as ml/g DM and ml/g DDM was significantly (p<0.05) highest for HM 5 (14.22 and 26.62) and lowest for DHM 117 variety (7.47 and 14.13). The in vitro DM digestibility (%) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (%) varied from 47.48 (HQPM 5) to 52.05 (HQPM 9) and 50.03 (HQPM 7) to 54.22 (HM 5), respectively.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that DHM 117 maize variety fodder has lowest methane generation potential and incorporating it in the dietary regime of ruminants may contribute to lower methane production.

Keywords: digestibility and quality protein maize, in vitro, maize varieties, methane.

Acute phase response in lame crossbred dairy cattle

Research (Published online: 08-11-2016)

6. Acute phase response in lame crossbred dairy cattle - A. Bagga, Swaran Singh Randhawa, S. Sharma and B. K. Bansal

Veterinary World, 9(11): 1204-1208

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1204-1208

Abstract

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Aim: The study was undertaken to study acute phase response based on acute phase proteins (APPs) such as C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen in lame crossbred dairy cattle.

Materials and Methods: Lame animals (n=30) were selected within 3-7 days of being noticed as lame by the farm veterinarian, from a local dairy farm in southeast Ludhiana over a period of 6 months, stratified proportionately with respect to stage of lactation with non-lame healthy cows (n=10). All the cows were otherwise healthy and did not have any other inflammatory problems such as pneumonia, enteritis, mastitis, or any kind of acute uterine inflammation. Blood samples were collected from all the animals; serum and plasma samples were separated and stored at −20°C. The levels of CRP, Hp, and SAA were estimated using Sandwich ELISA, whereas fibrinogen was estimated by heat precipitation method.

Results: SAA levels in lame cows were significantly higher (22.19±0.85 μg/ml), approximately 3 times as compared to non-lame cows (8.89±0.72 μg/ml), whereas serum Hp concentration was approximately 20 times higher in the lame cattle (21.71±3.32 mg/dl) as compared to non-lame cows (1.17±0.07 mg/dl). Fibrinogen also increased in the lame cattle (3.97±0.22 g/L) as compared to non-lame group (1.40±0.17 g/L). Serum CRP levels analyzed in the lame cattle for the first time in the present study, and significant high concentration was appreciated in lame cattle (4.41±0.33 mg/L) as compared to non-lame cattle (0.61±0.14 mg/L). Lame cattle were having more of sole hemorrhages, sole ulcers, and white line lesions as compared to non-lame cattle.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that lame cattle exhibit high levels of APPs including CRP, Hp, SAA, and fibrinogen as compared to non-lame cattle.

Keywords: acute phase proteins, cattle, lameness.