Thermoregulatory and adaptive responses of adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hyperthermia: Physiological, behavioral, and metabolic approach

Thermoregulatory and adaptive responses of adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hyperthermia: Physiological, behavioral, and metabolic approach - Alok K. Wankar, Gyanendra Singh and Brijesh Yadav

Veterinary World, 7(10): 825-830

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.825-830

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Abstract

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Aim: The study was planned to evaluate the indigenous animal adaptive capabilities during optimum temperature versus heat stress (HS).

Materials and Methods: Four adult buffaloes were exposed at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C for 21 days at every treatment in environmentally controlled chamber and physio-biochemical variation and animal behavior was observed.

Results: The study revealed significantly increased rectal temperature, respiration rate, water intake, sodium, reactive oxygen metabolites, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase while, pulse rate and thyroid hormones decreased during thermal stress. Panting, restlessness, salivation, and sweating were higher during HS while, rumination and urination contrastingly lowered.

Conclusion: The results reflect the impact of hyperthermia both acute and chronic, on the animals forcing various physiobiochemical, endocrinal, and behavioral changes for acclimatization during a stressful period aimed at maintaining homeothermy.

Keywords: acclimatization, behavior, endocrinal, heat stress, panting, physio-biochemical.

Prevalence of Rotavirus in shellfish from Southern Kerala

Prevalence of Rotavirus in shellfish from Southern Kerala - Vysakh Mohan, Shriya Rawat, K. M. Lokesh, H. V. Mohan, D. Avinash Reddy, Ashok Kumar and K. N. Bhilegaonkar

Veterinary World, 7(10): 821-824

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.821-824

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Abstract

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Aim: To study the prevalence of Rotavirus in shellfish from Southern Kerala.

Materials and Methods: The shellfish samples after processing was concentrated using proteinase K. RNA was isolated from the concentrated samples using phenol chloroform method. Rota viral RNA was detected using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction.

Results: A low prevalence of 2.5% (5/200) was obtained during the study. Rotavirus was detected in 2 out of 60 brown mussels (3.33%), 2 out of 70 yellow clams (2.86%) and 1 out of 70 black clams (1.43%).

Conclusion: Low prevalence of Rotavirus was obtained in our study. A more extensive study need to be conducted to estimate the prevalence of enteric virus in shellfish.

Keywords: concentration, proteinase K, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Rotavirus, shellfish.

Effect of uterine immunomodulation on hematobiochemical parameters in cyclic non-breeding cows

Effect of uterine immunomodulation on hematobiochemical parameters in cyclic non-breeding cows - Saraswat Sahoo, Debendra Narayan Mohanty, Srinibas Das and Arpita Padhy

Veterinary World, 7(10): 816-820

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.816-820

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Abstract

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Aim: To study the effect of uterine immunomodulation on hematobiochemical parameters and total immunoglobulin concentration in cyclic non-breeding cows.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-one repeat breeding cows around Bhubaneswar area were screened by white side test to detect and treat the endometritis and were assigned to three treatment protocols with an equal number of seven animals in each group. Cows in control group were administered with 50 ml of normal saline while treatment Group I animals were given single intrauterine infusion of 20 ml of fresh colostrum and treatment Group II animals received nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in 10 ml sterile saline. The blood samples were collected from all the experimental animals, and hematobiochemical parameters and total immunoglobulin concentration were estimated.

Results: A high significant difference (p<0.01) was accounted in lymphocyte count of E. coli treated group within different days of sampling. Analysis of variance recorded a highly significant difference with neutrophil percent in E. coli lavaged cows. In colostrum treated group monocyte count showed a significant difference (p<0.01) between 0 and 14th day of sampling. The analysis of hematocrit values did not show any significant difference apart from the erythrocyte sedimentation rate parameter in the colostrum infused group with the highest significant (p<0.01) variation being observed between 7th and 14th day of sampling. The analysis of aspartate amino transferase values in the colostrum lavaged cows revealed a significant difference, but that of alanine amino transferase values did not show any significant difference. Comparison of immunoglobulin values for different days in all the treatment protocol revealed a highly significant (p<0.05) difference within various days of sampling.

Conclusion: In the present study, the local immunomodulation by different agents have been highlighted and which indicated potentiation of uterine immunity by different drug that might serve as a new direction of treatment to uterine diseases. The scope of research in the future should be widened by considering a larger population for validation.

Keywords: colostrum, cyclic non-breeders, hematocrit values, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Detection of African swine fever virus from formalin fixed and non-fixed tissues by polymerase chain reaction

11. Detection of African swine fever virus from formalin fixed and non-fixed tissues by polymerase chain reaction - P. D. Luka, A. R. Jambol and B. Yakubu

Veterinary World, 7(10): 811-815

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.811-815

Abstract

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Aim: Formalin fixing and paraffin embedding of tissue samples is one of the techniques for preserving the structural integrity of cells for a very long time. However, extraction and analysis of genomic material from formalin fixed tissue (FFT) remains a challenge despite numerous attempts to develop a more effective method. The success of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) depends on the quality of DNA extract.

Materials and Methods: Here we assessed the conventional method of DNA extraction from FFT for African swine fever virus (ASFV) detection. The modified conventional method gave a higher quality DNA when compared with commercially available DNA extraction kits (QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit, DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit, and ZR Genomic DNA™ Tissue MiniPrep).

Results: An average A260/A280 DNA purity of 0.86-1.68 and 3.22-5.32 μg DNA/mg for formalin fixed and non-fixed tissues, respectively using a conventional method. In a reproducible and three times repeat PCR, the ASFV DNA expected product size of 278 bp was obtained from the DNA extract of the conventional method but not from the DNA extract of the commercial kits.

Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated that the conventional method extracts ASFV genome better than commercial kit. In summary, the commercial kit extraction appeared not suitable to purify ASFV DNA from FFT. We, therefore, recommend that the use of the conventional method be considered for African swine fever DNA extraction from FFT.

Keyword: African swine fever, detection, formalin fixed, non-formalin fixed, polymerase chain reaction.

Research (Published online: 12-10-2014)

10. Association study of genetic variants at single nucleotide polymorphism rs109231409 of mannose-binding lectins 1 gene with mastitis susceptibility in Vrindavani crossbred cattle - V. N. Muhasin Asaf, Bharat Bhushan, Manjit Panigrahi, Prashant Dewangan, Amod Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar and G. K. Gaur

Veterinary World, 7(10): 807-810

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.807-810

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was undertaken to identify whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs109231409 located on mannose-binding lectins 1 (MBL1) gene was associated with mastitis tolerance/susceptibility.

Materials and Methods: After grouping 100 Vrindavani crossbred cattle as mastitis positive and negative animals, they were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms method. Gene and genotype frequencies of different patterns were estimated by standard procedure (POPGENE version 1.32, (University of Alberta, Canada) and statistical analysis was carried out by logistic regression methods using STATA 12 software (StataCorp LP, USA).

Results: The 588 bp fragment of MBL1 gene was amplified using PCR. PCR product was digested with ApaI restriction enzyme showed two distinct genotypes viz., GG (311 bp and 272 bp fragments) and GA (588 bp, 311 bp and 277 bp fragments). The gene, genotype frequencies, average heterozygosity, polymorphic information content and χ2 values for the locus rs109231409 was ascertained.

Conclusions: No significant association between SNP “rs109231409” with mastitis tolerance was found. Although there is a lack of association, further studies have to be undertaken in a large population in order to validate the impact of rs109231409 (g.855G >A) on mastitis tolerance.

Keywords: mannose-binding lectins 1, mastitis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Chemical composition, anti-oxidative activity and in vitro dry matter degradability of Kinnow mandarin fruit waste - Ravleen Kour, Ankur Rastogi, R. K. Sharma, Arvind Kumar and Pratiksha Raghuwanshi

Veterinary World, 7(10): 803-806

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.803-806

Abstract

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Aim: Fruit processing and consumption yield a significant amount of by-products as waste, which can be used as potential nutrient suppliers for livestock. “Kinnow” (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) is one of the most important citrus fruit crops of North Indian States. Its residues are rich in carbohydrates but poor in protein and account for approximately 55-60% of the raw weight of the fruit. Present study assessed the chemical composition and anti-oxidative activity of Kinnow mandarin fruit waste (KMW) and scrutinized the impact of dietary incorporation of variable levels of KMW on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD).

Materials and Methods: Sun dried and ground KMW was analyzed for proximate composition, fibre fractions and calcium and phosphorus content. Antioxidant potential of KMW as total phenolic count and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was assayed in an alcoholic extract of KMW. The effect of inclusion of KMW at variable levels (0-40%) in the isonitrogenous concentrate mixtures on in vitrodegradability of composite feed (concentrate mixture:Wheat straw; 40:60) was also carried out.

Results: KMW after sun-drying contained 92.05% dry matter. The crude protein content of 7.60% indicates it being marginal in protein content, whereas nitrogen free extract content of 73.69% suggests that it is primarily a carbonaceous feedstuff. This observation was also supported by low neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content of 26.35% and 19.50%, respectively. High calcium content (0.92%) vis-à-vis low phosphorus content (0.08%), resulted in wide Ca:P ratio (11.5) in KMW. High anti-oxidative potential of KMW is indicated by total phenolic content values of 17.1±1.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and DPPH free radicle scavenging activity 96.2 μg/ml (effective concentration 50). Mean IVDMD% of all the composite rations was found to be comparable (p>0.05) irrespective of the level of KMW inclusion, indicating no negative effect of KMW inclusion on in vitro nutrient utilization.

Conclusion: KMW is a carbonaceous feedstuff and may be incorporated in ruminant ration up to the level of 40% (w/w basis) without affecting in vitro degradability.

Keywords: antioxidant, in vitro dry matter digestibility, Kinnow mandarin waste, unconventional feedstuff.

Effect of garlic and neem leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers

Effect of garlic and neem leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits in broilers - Karan Rajendra Kharde and S. Soujanya

Veterinary World, 7(10): 799-802

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.799-802

Karan Rajendra Kharde: Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India;karankharde@gmail.com

S. Soujanya: Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Karimnagar, Telangana, India; sonurv36@gmail.com

Received: 25-06-2014, Revised: 31-08-2014, Accepted: 07-09-2014, Published online: 09-10-2014

Corresponding author: S. Soujanya, e-mail: sonurv36@gmail.com

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Abstract

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Aim: Present experiment was designed to study the effect of supplementation of garlic and neem leaf powder (NLP) on growth performance and carcass yields in broilers.

Materials and Methods: A total of 210-day-old commercial male broiler chicks (Ven Cobb) were procured and randomly distributed in to seven treatments, each treatment had six replicates with five chicks per each replicate. Growth trial was conducted in a randomized block design comprising seven dietary treatments. T1 was served as control. T2 and T3 were fed with garlic powder (GP) 0.5, 1 g/kg feed respectively. T4 and T5 were given with NLP 1, 2 g/kg feed respectively. T6 was fed with 0.5 g/kg GP and 1.0 g/kg NLP. T7 was treated with 1.0 g/kg GP and 2.0 g/kg NLP. The body weight, feed consumption of individual bird was recorded at weekly interval and the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. At the end of 42 day, six birds from each dietary group were sacrificed to estimate the dressing yield and relative weights of giblet (liver, heart and gizzard).

Results: Supplementation of garlic and NLP alone and their combination significantly (p<0.05) improved the body weight gain and FCR whereas no significant (p>0.05) influence was observed in carcass parameters like dressing yield and giblet yield (heart, gizzard and liver) in all treatment groups.

Conclusions: Supplementation of GP alone showed poor performance, but when it was supplemented in combination with NLP there was improvement in performance parameters. These results indicated that the combination of GP and NLP can be used as alternates to coccidiostats for improving the performance. Such meat can be used as a designer meat as fetch higher price if marketed as branded item.

Keywords: body weight gain, carcass yield, feed conversion ratio, garlic, neem.