Thursday, 21 August 2014

3. Occurrence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from farm and laboratory animals in Morogoro, Tanzania

3. Occurrence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from farm and laboratory animals in Morogoro, Tanzania - Erick V. G. Komba, Robinson H. Mdegela, Peter L. M. Msoffe, Denis E. Matowo and Makori J. Maro
Veterinary World, 7(8): 559-565


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.559-565


Erick V. G. Komba: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University
of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; babagrid@yahoo.com; ekomba@suanet.ac.tz
Robinson H. Mdegela: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University
of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; rmdegela@yahoo.com
Peter L. M. Msoffe: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Directorate of Undergraduate Studies, University of Dodoma, P. O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania;makengamsoffe@yahoo.co.uk
Denis E. Matowo: Amana Regional referral Hospital, P.O. Box 25411, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; dmatowo@yahoo.com
Makori J. Maro: Ngudu District Hospital, P.O. Box 64, Ngudu/Kwimba, Mwanza, Tanzania; marojosephat@yahoo. com

Received: 09-04-2014, Revised: 17-06-2014, Accepted: 24-06-2014, Published online: 03-08-2014

Corresponding author: Erick V. G. Komba, email: babagrid@yahoo.com; ekomba@suanet.ac.tz
Abstract
Aim: To determine the carriage and antimicrobial resistance of Thermophilic Campylobacter species in the gastrointestinal tracts of farm and laboratory animals in Morogoro, Tanzania
Materials and Methods: Faecal samples were collected from farm (n=244) and laboratory (n=466) animals and were subjected to the Cape Town protocol for isolation of Campylobacter. Isolates were preliminarily identified based on potassium hydroxide string and hippurate hydrolysis tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for confirmation of isolates. Antimicrobial resistance testing was done using disc diffusion method.
Results: Of the laboratory animals 26.7% of guinea pigs (n=30) and 1.2% of rats (n=242) were colonized with Campylobacter. Four isolates from guinea pigs were Campylobacter jejuni and the other four were C. coli. From rats, two isolates were C. jejuni and one was C. coli. In farm animals thermophilic Campylobacter were detected from 31.6% of sheep (n=57) and 60% horses (n=5). Of the isolates 12 (57%) were C. jejuni (10 from sheep and 2 from horses) and the remaining were C. coli (8 from sheep and 1 from a horse). The isolates were frequently resistant to erythromycin, norfloxacin, colistin sulphate and nalidixic acid; whereas low levels of resistance were observed for ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.
Conclusion: Our study reveals carriage of antimicrobial resistant thermophilic Campylobacter in the intestines of the study animals. This highlights possibilities in involvement of these animals in the epidemiology of Campylobacter infections. Thus, there is a need to consider these animal species when planning control measures for this zoonotic bacterium.
Keywords: campylobacteriosis, cape town protocol, farm animals, laboratory animals.
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75. Pezzotti, G., Serafin, A., Luzzi, I., Mioni, R. and Perin, R. (2003) Occurrence and resistance to antibiotics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in animals and meat in northeastern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 82: 281- 287.
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76. Taremi, M., Soltan, Dallal, M.M., Gachkar, L., MoezArdalan, S., Zolfaghari, K. and Zali, M.R. (2006) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from retail raw chicken and beef meat, Tehran, Iran. Int J Food Microbiol. 108: 401-403.
PMid:16481059
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WVS India - ITC & INRN

By the end of the year 2014 the WVS ITC has had 1000 participants attending its various training programs. To celebrate that landmark achievement in the history of WVS ITC and to support the work we do, you can send a donation of Rs. 500 as DD/cheque for WVS India to be entered to the list for the lucky draw where the winning prize is a brand new BSAVA Small Animal Neurology Manual and second price a female surgical instrument set with drapes. All those past ITC participant vets who have worked in the Goa Mission Rabies will be entered to the lucky draw list automatically, free of cost. The list at the moment includes the following vets: Dr. Balasingam, Dr. Lysandra, Dr. Biju, Dr. Karthikeyan, Dr.Kousalya, Dr. Gowri, Dr. Aswin, Dr. Vinay, Dr. Jawahar, Dr. Prabakaran, Dr. Upendra, Dr. Karthika. If there are names that I have missed, please add.

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Featured Veterinary Medicine Books

Here is the list of some Veterinary Medicine books found at http://www.bookdepository.com/category/1458/Veterinary-Medicine

Top Student Books

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2. Prevalence and pathology of oviduct impaction in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India

2.  Prevalence and pathology of oviduct impaction in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India - P. Srinivasan, G. A. Balasubramaniam, T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy and P. Balachandran
Veterinary World, 7(8): 553-558


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.553-558


P. Srinivasan: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;srinipat2004@yahoo.com
G. A. Balasubramaniam: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;
gabalasubramaniam@gmail.com
T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Namakkal, India; gkmurthy_in@yahoo.com
P. Balachandran: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;balaavg@yahoo.co.in

Received: 25-04-2014, Revised: 21-06-2014, Accepted: 27-06-2014, Published online: 02-08-2014

Corresponding author: P. Srinivasan, email: srinipat2004@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aim: The avian oviduct is a tubular organ responsible for fertilization, secretion of the components surrounding the yolk and transport of egg in the reproductive tract. Disorders of oviduct may have a great bearing on production potential and incur a heavy loss. A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and pathological changes of impacted oviduct in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India for a period of four years from 2006 to 2009.
Materials and Methods: A total of 5145 carcasses of white leghorn layers, above 20 weeks age from 255 flocks were examined for various oviduct abnormalities. Heart blood, liver and oviduct swabs collected upon necropsy from 45 layer chicken from six flocks with oviduct impaction were screened for bacterial agents. Pooled tissue (trachea, lung, spleen, caecal tonsil, kidney and oviduct) samples from impacted oviduct cases were screened for viral agents. Serum samples collected from affected flocks were screened for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and egg drop syndrome – 76 (EDS-76) virus by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) by ELISA. Flock details and pathological changes were recorded in affected flocks to assess the prevalence and impact of oviduct impaction on commercial layer chicken.
Results: The results of the present investigation indicated that the oviduct impaction was responsible for 0.87 % cent of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 wk of age. Egg production drop, morbidity and mortality recorded in the affected flocks were varied from 3 to 8, 0.4 to 1.2 and 0.2 to 0.5 % respectively. The oviduct impaction was commonly noticed above 40 wk old layers and predominantly during colder months. Serum samples collected from three flocks with oviduct impaction were found positive for Mg and Ms infection in ELISA test. Escherichia coli was isolated as a pure culture in 29 birds and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 16 birds. Serotyping of E. coli isolates revealed that O144, O54 and O109 were the predominant types. Necropsy examination of carcasses with impacted oviduct showed emaciation, peritonitis, regression of ovarian follicles and distension of oviduct commonly in the infundibulum and magnum region. The exudate was either large mass with concentric layering on cut section or numerous caesous masses with varying size and shape often mixed with creamy or serosangunious fluid. Histopathological examination of oviduct revealed the presence of lymphoid foci in the epithelial layer with marked atrophy and degeneration of mucosal folds.
Conclusions: Impacted oviduct constituted 0.87 % of oviduct abnormality in commercial layer chicken with an overall mortality of 0.5 %. The findings of this study showed that the oviduct impaction might be caused by E.coli in concurrence with Proteous spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycoplasma.
Keywords: E. coli, layer chicken, mycoplasma, oviduct impaction, pathology, prevalence.
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