Understanding eco-immunology of bacterial zoonoses and alternative therapeutics toward "One Health"

Review (Published online: 03-05-2021)

13. Understanding eco-immunology of bacterial zoonoses and alternative therapeutics toward "One Health"

Manisha Behera, Soma Mondal Ghorai, Sachinandan De and Hardeep Kaur

International Journal of One Health, 7(1): 104-115 

ABSTRACT

The current review identifies key bacterial zoonoses, the understanding of comparative immunology, evolutionary trade-offs between emerging bacterial pathogens and their dynamics on both arms of immunity. The several gaps in the literature limit our understanding of spread of prominent bacterial zoonotic diseases and the host-pathogen interactions that may change in response to environmental and social factors. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic activities affects the spread of emerging zoonotic diseases, is essential for predicting and mitigating future disease emergence through fine-tuning of surveillance and control measures with respect to different pathogens. This review highlights the urgent need to increase understanding of the comparative immunity of animal reservoirs, design of vaccines according to the homology in host-pathogen interactions, and the alternative strategies to counter the risk of bacterial pathogenic spillover to humans with eventual spread of zoonotic diseases.

Keywords: alternative antimicrobials, bacterial zoonoses, comparative immunology, One Health.

One Health information management: health system reforms to support social well-being in Thailand

Research (Published online: 03-05-2021)

12. One Health information management: health system reforms to support social well-being in Thailand

Sangtien Youthao and Somsak Amornsiriphong

International Journal of One Health, 7(1): 96-103

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: The information about the health problems interaction between animal health, ecosystems, and human health that the "One Health (OH)" concept is becoming more complex. This study focused on OH information in Thailand to develop guidelines for establishing a "One Health Information Management (OHIM)" system by drafting the structure of an OH information strategic plan.

Materials and Methods: A mixed methods approach was used and included questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and observations in agencies across the country to gather evidence about actions relating to the OH concept, such as the Memorandum of Agreements between the Ministry of Public Health and eight main agencies.

Results: The study concentrated on the key issue that understanding the OH concept is difficult, as the environment and human health sectors include less knowledge of this concept than the animal health sector. Further, there are concerns about the comprehension of OH concepts, and high-level information management and data storage relating to OH, including medicine, cattle, wild animal, environment, and environmental resource management. Data from OH researchers and publicly accessible government data are less integrated and inconsistently managed across agencies.

Conclusion: The study of OHIM strategic development should consist of four important points: (1) Clarity in the OH concept, (2) OH staff development, (3) development of an OHIM data network and innovation, and (4) research and academic development, and global OHIM academic exchange. All of these points will lead to health system reforms to support social well-being.

Keywords: health information management, health, one health information, one health, social well-being, Thailand.