Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra

Research (Published online: 21-06-2021)

24. Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra

Gusri Yanti, Novirman Jamarun, Suyitman Suyitman, Benni Satria and Rani Winardi Wulan Sari

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1594-1601

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: The availability of minerals in the soil affect the mineral content of mangrove leaves. This study aimed to determine the macro- and micromineral contents in the environment and mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) as animal feed in the coastal areas of West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: In this study, soil, water, and mangrove leaves were extracted from the mangrove plant's environment. The mineral contents were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer of Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Corporation (make and country of origin). The total phenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and hide-powder methods, respectively.

Results: The mineral content of the soil affected the mineral content of the plants. The soil and leaves of A. marina in the Pariaman area were richer in terms of macro- and microminerals. The soil had pH value, organic carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium of 5.65, 4.21%, 3.39%, 0.17%, 1.99%, and 0.54%, respectively. A. marina leaves had a total phenol and tannin contents of 24.51 mg GAE/g check the unit and 4.09%, respectively.

Conclusion: This research showed that the mineral content in the soil in several mangrove areas in West Sumatra has a positive correlation with the mineral content in the leaves of A. marina, which have a complete mineral content. Therefore, A. marina leaves could be recommended as a mineral source for ruminants.

Keywords: Avicennia marina, forage, mineral content, soil.

Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures of different biological origin to commercial bacteriophages and phages of Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis

Research (Published online: 19-06-2021)

23. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures of different biological origin to commercial bacteriophages and phages of Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis

Yulia Horiuk, Mykola Kukhtyn, Serhiy Kernychnyi, Svitlana Laiter-Moskaliuk, Sergiy Prosyanyi and Nataliia Boltyk

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1588-1593

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is an ongoing problem in dairy herds. In this study, we determined the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures of different biological origins to commercial bacteriophages and phages of S. aureus var. bovis which were isolated on dairy farms, to create a drug for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

Materials and Methods: We used cultures of S. aureus isolated from different habitats, and other types of staphylococci isolated on dairy farms. As antibacterial agents, the commercially available bacteriophages staphylococcal bacteriophage and Intestifag and field strains of phages Phage SAvB07, Phage SAvB08, Phage SAvB12, and Phage SAvB14 were used. Evaluation of their lytic properties was performed using the drip method.

Results: The drug Intestifag lysed cultures isolated from human habitats and archival strains of S. aureus No.209-P and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) in 91.8%–100% of cases. Staphylococcal bacteriophage killed 3.6 times fewer cultures of S. aureus isolated from humans than Intestifag and did not affect the growth of archival strains. Neither drug lysed cultures isolated from cows or cultures isolated from dairy products sold in agri-food markets. Phage SAvB14 lysed 92.7±8.3% of S. aureus isolated from the mammary glands of cows and 69.2±6.4% of cultures isolated from dairy products sold in agri-food markets. Phage SAvB12, Phage SAvB08, and Phage SAvB07 lysed 1.2-1.7 times fewer cultures isolated from the mammary glands of cows and 6-18 times fewer cultures isolated from dairy products, compared with Phage SAvB14. Phages of S. aureus var. bovis can infect staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus. The widest range of hosts was found for Phage SAvB14, which indicates its polyvalence.

Conclusion: The biological origin of staphylococcal strains must be considered when developing effective phage therapy. Phage SAvB14 appears to be a good candidate for the development of a drug for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

Keywords: bacteriophage, drug development, mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus.

Ameliorative effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel infusion on the histopathological structures of the liver and kidney of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) after H2O2 induction

Research (Published online: 18-06-2021)

22. Ameliorative effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel infusion on the histopathological structures of the liver and kidney of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) after H2O2 induction

J. R. A. Rusman, S. A. Sundari, A. Nuriliani and H. T. Saragih

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1579-1587

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a free radical, widely use as a food preservative, may cause adverse effects to the body. Mangosteen contains various antioxidants may scavenge free radical produced by H2O2. This study examined the effects of mangosteen peel infusion on the liver and kidney of rats after H2O2 induction.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Negative control, positive control (1% H2O2), as well as mangosteen peel infusion groups at a concentration of 0.25; 0.5; 1, and 2%. H2O2 induction was administered orally every day for 2 months followed by mangosteen peel infusion treatment (1 month) after H2O2 induction for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidney of each rat were collected for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histopathological examinations. Furthermore, blood was collected for creatinine examination.

Results: H2O2 induction caused the highest ROS level elevation in the positive control group which was treated with H2O2 only. Meanwhile, 2% of mangosteen peel infusion returned the ROS levels to normal. It was also observed that mangosteen peel infusion restored creatinine levels to normal. Furthermore, 2% of mangosteen peel infusion improved the histopathological structure of the liver and kidneys after H2O2 induction.

Conclusion: Mangosteen peel infusion especially at a concentration of 2% has the potential to improve liver and kidney structure and functions after H2O2 induction.

Keywords: antioxidant, female rat, H2O2, histological structure, mangosteen peel infusion.

Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease

Research (Published online: 18-06-2021)

21. Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease

Piotr Brodzki, Jan Marczuk, Urszula Lisiecka, Marek Szczubiał, Adam Brodzki, Hubert Gorzkoś and Katarzyna Kulpa

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1572-1578

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Ketosis is a common disease occurring during the first stage of lactation in highly productive dairy cows. The aim of the present study was the comparative assessment of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-10), and acute-phase proteins (APPs) (including haptoglobin [Hp] and serum amyloid A [SAA]), in the sera of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK), in those with clinical ketosis (CK), and in healthy cows.

Materials and Methods: Thirty dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed were investigated. The cows were divided into three groups depending on the serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level. The control, SCK, and CK groups included healthy cows, cows with SCK, and cows with CK, respectively. BHBA concentration in blood serum was determined using colorimetric method. The blood serum was used for proper tests. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and APPs (SAA and Hp) concentrations in the investigated samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results: The SCK group had significantly higher TNF-α, IL-6; IL-10, and SAA values than had the CK group (p<0.01). The SCK group had a lower Hp concentration than had the CK group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the inflammation intensity is higher in the initial phase of the disease and decreases during the advancement, probably due to active anti-inflammatory mechanisms (an increase of IL-10 concentration), which protect animal organism from self-destruction. On the basis of our study, it can be assumed that ketosis development in dairy cows was preceded by the systemic inflammation that may influence the progress of this disease.

Keywords: acute-phase proteins, cytokine, dairy cows, ketosis.

Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens

Research (Published online: 18-06-2021)

20. Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens

Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi, Pudji Astuti, Hendry T. S. Saragih and Claude Mona Airin

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1564-1571

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Pelung chickens make unique, pleasant, and rhythmic sounds in addition to having strong muscle mass. Performance is controlled by testosterone. A natural aromatase blocker is an agent capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme, which consequently prevents testosterone from being changed into estradiol. Such a condition results in consistently high testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of the shell powder of Anadara granosa on the testosterone level, frequency and quality of sounds, and metabolism of Pelung chickens within set parameters of thyroid hormone levels, the triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio, and weight gain.

Materials and Methods: This study used four Pelung chickens aged 14 months. Control data consisted of data before treatment (day 0). Shell powder of A. granosa was administered for 56 days. Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood samples were drawn. In addition, the sounds from Pelung chickens were recorded once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. The blood samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method to determine testosterone, T3, and T4 levels. The sounds of Pelung chickens were recorded using the Hagemon touch method and analyzed using the Audacity application.

Results: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of testosterone, BW, and sound frequency after the administration of A. granosa shell powder, but the administration did not have a significant effect on the levels of T4 and T3 hormones (thyroid hormone), T3/T4 ratio, or sound duration. The testosterone content and BW of Pelung chickens increased from day 14 to day 56, whereas T3 was indicative of the same profile as the T4 hormone. However, T3 and T4 levels and the T3/T4 ratio decreased and increased, respectively. The sound frequency of Pelung chickens increased from day 0 to day 14, although sound duration decreased.

Conclusion: The administration of A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW orally could improve the metabolism, testosterone level, BW, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens.

Keywords: natural aromatase blocker, Pelung, sound, testosterone, thyroid hormone.

Productivity and carcass characteristics of lambs fed fibrous agricultural wastes to substitute grass

Research (Published online: 17-06-2021)

19. Productivity and carcass characteristics of lambs fed fibrous agricultural wastes to substitute grass

Endang Purbowati, C. M. Sri Lestari, Retno Adiwinarti, Vita Restitrisnani, Sri Mawati, Agung Purnomoadi and Edy Rianto

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1559-1563

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Grass is often scarce for ruminants during the dry season in Indonesia; thus agricultural by-products are widely used as a substitute for grass. This study aimed to determine the effect of replacing Napier grass (NG) with agricultural by-products on the productivity and carcass characteristics of lambs.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four 3-month-old male lambs with initial body weights of 13.26±1.29 kg (coefficient of variation=9.73%) were allocated into a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The treatments included: NG=100% NG; corn cobs (CCs)=50% NG and 50% CCs; bagasse (BG)=50% NG and 50% BG; and peanut shells (PSs)=50% NG and 50% PSs. All treatment diets were pelleted and consisted of 40% fibrous feed and 60% concentrate feed, and contained 10.36-11.65% crude protein and 55.47-57.31% total digestible nutrients. Parameters observed included dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed cost per gain (FC/G), and carcass characteristics.

Results: Lambs fed the PSs diet had the highest (p<0.05) DMI (781 g/d), digestibility, and body weight gain (92.5 g/d; p<0.05). The FCR of the PSs diet (9.13) was similar to NG. The FC/G of the PSs diet (IDR 23,541/kg) was the lowest of all diets. The BG diet had the lowest (p<0.05) digestibility, body weight gain (54.4 g/d), and the highest (13.53) FCR. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the carcass or meat characteristics of any diets. The averages of slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage were 20.03 kg, 8.02 kg, and 40.0%, respectively. The average meat bone ratio was 3.67.

Conclusion: It was concluded that agricultural wastes could be used as an alternative to NG at the level of 50% in the diet of lambs without a negative effect on production performance and carcass traits.

Keywords: bagasse, corn cobs, digestibility, feed efficiency, meat-bone ratio, peanut shells.

Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review

Review (Published online: 17-06-2021)

18. Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review

Alīna Kļaviņa, Dace Keidāne, Renāte Šukele, Dace Bandere and Līga Kovaļčuka

Veterinary World, 14(6): 1548-1558

ABSTRACT

Numerous treatment agents offering prophylaxis against livestock parasites are commercially available. However, because of increasing antiparasitic drug resistance, the increased popularity of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices, and organic farming, there is more demand for new alternatives to livestock anthelmintic control strategies and medications. It is important to develop antiparasitics that are safe, effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. Local, traditional herbal plants such as tansy, mugwort, wormwood, and heather may serve as treatments for intestinal parasites of sheep. This overview provides knowledge of traditional Latvian plants with antiparasitic activities to establish a database for further research to develop new herbal antiparasitic drugs.

Keywords: antiparasitic, gastrointestinal nematodes, heather, mugwort, polyphenols, sheep, tansy, wormwood.