Saturday 1 November 2014

Biochemical characterization of preovulatory and cystic ovarian follicular fluid of sow

Research (Published online: 31-10-2014)
27. Biochemical characterization of preovulatory and cystic ovarian follicular fluid of sow - R. Nath, N. Mahanta, M. Islam and S. S. Deka
Veterinary World, 7(10): 895-898



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.895-898


Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to biochemically characterize ovarian cyst follicular fluid of sows and to relate possible changes in relation to preovulatory ovarian follicular fluid of sows.
Materials and Methods: Ovaries were collected from adult and non-pregnant slaughtered sow (Hampshire X local cross). A total of 16 pairs of ovaries were investigated, and they were classified according to their pathological and physiological status into two categories i.e. preovulatory and cystic follicle (diameter >25 mm with turbid appearance). Fluid was aspirated from the follicles and stored at −20°C prior to assaying. Follicular fluid samples were analyzed for glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, creatinine, uric acid. The activities of the enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: As follicles became cystic, the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein and albumin showed a significant (p<0.05) increased while BUN decreased significantly (p<0.05). The enzyme activities of ALT, ALP and CK increased significantly (p<0.05), but the activity of GGT significantly (p<0.05) decreased.
Conclusion: Results obtained showed that there was a significant change in most of the cystic follicular fluid metabolites.
Keywords: biochemical characterization, follicular fluid, sows.
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Hemato-biochemical and oxidative effect of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of Ficus tsiela Roxb in rats

Research (Published online: 31-10-2014)
26. Hemato-biochemical and oxidative effect of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of Ficus tsiela Roxb in rats - Litty Mathew, N. Divakaran Nair, N. Vijayan and K. A. Mercey
Veterinary World, 7(10): 890-894



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.890-894


Abstract
Aim: The goal was to assess the hemato-biochemical and oxidative changes of Ficus tsiela Roxb in rats.
Materials and Methods: A total of 48 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into six groups with eight rats in each group. Group 1 received no treatment served as a control group. Group 2 and 3 animals were orally ingested with fresh juice from 5 g of leaves and 10 g of leaves, respectively. Group 4, 5 and 6 animals were orally administered with the extract at doses of 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment was continued for a period of 21 days. Biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine and blood glucose and hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte count (DLC) were determined on 0, 7, 14, and 21 day of treatment. Lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione values were determined in liver at day 21.
Results: Hb, PCV, TLC and DLC showed no significant variations in treated groups compared with control and ALP, AST, CK and creatinine values showed a significant increase in serum of the higher dose groups. There was no variation in the level of blood sugar. There was an increase in the values of lipid peroxides and reduction in the values of reduced glutathione in the liver homogenate which indicated oxidative damage.
Conclusion: The fresh juice and ethanolic extract at higher doses had no effect on hematological values. However, biochemical parameters affected adversely. Both fresh juice and extract caused oxidative damage to liver.
Keywords: biochemical, Ficus tsiela, phytotoxicity.
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Virological and immunological studies on foot and mouth disease virus type SAT2 naturally infected and vaccinated buffalo cows and their calves

Research (Published online: 31-10-2014)
25. Virological and immunological studies on foot and mouth disease virus type SAT2 naturally infected and vaccinated buffalo cows and their calves - Ehab El-Sayed Ibrahim, Eman M. Soliman and Wagdy R. El-Ashmawy
Veterinary World, 7(10): 882-889



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.882-889


Abstract
Aim: Due to inadequate data on the dynamics of foot and mouth disease (FMD) infection in buffalo, the present work was aimed at investigating some virological and immunological aspects of FMD virus (FMDV) SAT2 infection in naturally exposed and vaccinated buffalo cows and their calves.
Materials and Methods: The study employed clinical observation and examination, virus isolation in mice brain and cell culture, in addition to virus detection using complement fixation test; indirect sandwitch enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and demonstration of RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for confirmation the results.
Results: FMD type SAT2 antibodies was detected in a protective level by the 1st week post infection and 3rd week post vaccination and peak titers were recorded by the 3rd week, 12th week in infected and vaccinated buffaloes, respectively. These titers began to decline to reach their lowest protective levels by the 36th week, 12nd week in infected and vaccinated buffaloes respectively. The SAT2 antibodies in calves born to vaccinated and infected buffalo cows were detected on the 1st day post parturation through the suckling of their Dam’s colostrums. The highest maternal antibody titers were recorded in sera by the 2nd day post parturation. These antibodies declined gradually to reach their lowest protective levels on14th week, 16th week post parturition in calves rom vaccinated and infected buffaloes, respectively. High antibody titers in the colostrums and milk of vaccinated and naturally infected buffalo cows were recorded at parturition, and they began to decrease gradually recording their lowest protective titers by 10th and 12nd week post parturition respectively.
Conclusion: FMDV serotype SAT2 was confirmed as a causative agent of the suspected FMD signs in pregnant buffalo at El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during 2012. Vaccinated and naturally infected buffalo cows were able to provide their calves with high levels of maternal derived antibodies through their colostrums, which could protect new born calves for not less than 14 week post parturation.
Keywords: buffalo, foot and mouth disease, infection, montanide oil ISA 206, SAT-2, vaccination.
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Variations in free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant responses in salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum andHyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

Research (Published online: 31-10-2014)
24. Variations in free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant responses in salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum andHyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks - Mayukh Ghosh, Nirmal Sangwan and Arun K. Sangwan
Veterinary World, 7(10): 876-881



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.876-881


Abstract
Aim: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma dromedarii ticks are of major economic importance in the livestock sector as the vector of tropical theileriosis causing huge production loss, mostly in tropical countries. The release of different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by exogenous and endogenous means can potentially induce oxidative damage to the ticks during their prolonged feeding on their vertebrate hosts. Hence, ticks need an effective free radical scavenging and antioxidant defense system for their successful feeding of a blood meal. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the interspecies variations in antioxidant response, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities in salivary gland extracts (SGE) of the two species as they differ considerably in relation to feeding behavior and host specificity.
Materials and Methods: Tick salivary glands were dissected out under ice from semi-fed female ticks of both the species and homogenized at low temperature to prepare SGE. SGE was stored at −40°C for analysis of free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant status.
Results: Significant depletion in reduced glutathione concentrations, malondialdehyde level and elevation in free radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase, anti-inflammatory activity were found in SGE of engorging female H. dromedarii ticks as compared to H. a. anatolicum.
Conclusion: Higher antioxidant status and free radical scavenging activities in H. dromedarii might have enabled these ticks to suck more blood from the host in spite of continuous host’s immune responses. These findings about tick biology will help in improving tick control strategies.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, free radicals, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii.
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Sunday 26 October 2014

Diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing from outbreak herd samples in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state, Nigeria

Research (Published online: 27-10-2014)
23. Diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing from outbreak herd samples in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state, Nigeria - Olatunde Hamza Olabode, Haruna Makajuola Kazeem and Mashood Abiola Raji
Veterinary World, 7(10): 868-875



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.868-875



Abstract
Aim: Molecular diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) from outbreak herd in Bukaru-Rontuwa, Sinawu/Tumbunya ward of Ilesha Baruba, in Kwara state-Nigeria was conducted to establish the associated serotypes and disease control plan.
Materials and Methods: Purposive study was conducted in cattle outbreak herds during the dry season of January-March, 2011. Random sampling of blood and observed epithelial tissues was collected, stored in accordance with standard methods and subjected to RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Positive samples for FMDV were further subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide sequencing using sequence primers of serotypes O, A, SAT 1-3 and gel electrophoresis. Obtained data were interpreted based on NCBI BLASTN program.
Results: Foot and mouth disease (FMD)-RNA extract was not found in all the blood tested with beta-actin range of Ct = 30-34. rRT-PCR assay showed two positive samples with Ct values of 18.79 and 15.28. Gel electrophoresis identified sequenced PCR amplicons as serotype A and SAT 2 respectively. Direct product sequencing confirmed SAT 2 serotype was closely related to SAT 2 isolate LIB/7/2003. Cloned RT-PCR product in pGEM-T easy vector confirmed serotype A as closely related to sequence of A/NIG/21/2009, though multiple NIG/2009 sequences were also identified as closely related. Both isolates showed marked genetic homogeneity with >93% genetic identity in the VP1 region which confirmed heterogeneity and antigenic variation nature of FMDV.
Conclusion: Quasi species and subtypes of FMD serotypes A and SAT 2 similar to A/NIG/21/2009 and SAT 2/LIB/7/2003 respectively caused the reported FMD outbreaks in Fulani livestock herds investigated. A combined real-time and optimized RT-PCR protocols that would facilitate effective and timely FMD outbreak control plan based on identified serotypes is thus suggested.
Keywords: foot and mouth disease virus, Ilesha Baruba, Kwara State, molecular, outbreaks, phylogenetic.
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Effect of selenium on the development of selected indicators of fertility in dairy cows

Effect of selenium on the development of selected indicators of fertility in dairy cows - A. Balicka-Ramisz and G. JastrzÄ™bski
Veterinary World, 7(10): 863-867



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.863-867


Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine selenium (Se) concentration in the blood serum of dairy cows and to establish its influence on the level of production and reproduction traits.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on the farm located in Western Pomerania - Poland and involved 120 cows, which were selected using the analog method on the basis of their physiological state, lactation number, milk yield, age, and genotype. The following indices were analyzed in individual groups: Calving interval, gestation interval, insemination index, standstill of placenta. Se concentration in the blood serum was determined with the spectrofluorometric method.
Results: The mean serum Se concentration was in cows 0.038 Î¼g/ml. The use of Se preparations has raised fertility, which was documented statistically.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the problem of Se deficiency is still present in some dairy cattle herds in Western Pomerania - Poland.
Keywords: dairy cows, fertility rates, selenium, serum.
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Chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle

Chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle - S. Shekhar, A. K. Sahoo, N. Dalai, P. Chaudhary, P. K. Praveen, R. Saikhom and R. Rai
Veterinary World, 7(10): 859-862



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.859-862


Abstract
Aim: The aim was to study the chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle.
Materials and Methods: 27 female cattle (21 arsenic affected and 6 normal) were selected for cytogenetical study. The blood samples were collected, incubated, and cultured using appropriate media and specific methods. The samples were analyzed for chromosome number and morphology, relative length of the chromosome, arm ratio, and centromere index of X chromosome and chromosomal abnormalities in arsenic affected cattle to that of normal ones.
Results: The diploid number of metaphase chromosomes in arsenic affected cattle as well as in normal cattle were all 2n=60, 58 being autosomes and 2 being sex chromosomes. From the centromeric position, karyotyping studies revealed that all the 29 pair of autosomes was found to be acrocentric or telocentric, and the sex chromosomes (XX) were submetacentric in both normal and arsenic affected cattle. The relative length of all the autosome pairs and sex chrosomosome pair was found to be higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle. The mean arm ratio of X-chromosome was higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle, but it is reverse in case of centromere index value of X-chromosome. There was no significant difference of arm ratio and centromere index of X-chromosomes between arsenic affected and normal cattle. No chromosomal abnormalities were found in arsenic affected cattle.
Conclusion: The chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle in West Bengal reported for the first time in this present study which may serve as a guideline for future studies in other species. These reference values will also help in comparison of cytological studies of arsenic affected cattle to that of various toxicants.
Keywords: arsenic, autosomes, karyotyping, metaphase chromosome.
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