Sunday 26 October 2014

Diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing from outbreak herd samples in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state, Nigeria

Research (Published online: 27-10-2014)
23. Diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing from outbreak herd samples in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state, Nigeria - Olatunde Hamza Olabode, Haruna Makajuola Kazeem and Mashood Abiola Raji
Veterinary World, 7(10): 868-875



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.868-875



Abstract
Aim: Molecular diagnosis of bovine foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) from outbreak herd in Bukaru-Rontuwa, Sinawu/Tumbunya ward of Ilesha Baruba, in Kwara state-Nigeria was conducted to establish the associated serotypes and disease control plan.
Materials and Methods: Purposive study was conducted in cattle outbreak herds during the dry season of January-March, 2011. Random sampling of blood and observed epithelial tissues was collected, stored in accordance with standard methods and subjected to RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Positive samples for FMDV were further subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide sequencing using sequence primers of serotypes O, A, SAT 1-3 and gel electrophoresis. Obtained data were interpreted based on NCBI BLASTN program.
Results: Foot and mouth disease (FMD)-RNA extract was not found in all the blood tested with beta-actin range of Ct = 30-34. rRT-PCR assay showed two positive samples with Ct values of 18.79 and 15.28. Gel electrophoresis identified sequenced PCR amplicons as serotype A and SAT 2 respectively. Direct product sequencing confirmed SAT 2 serotype was closely related to SAT 2 isolate LIB/7/2003. Cloned RT-PCR product in pGEM-T easy vector confirmed serotype A as closely related to sequence of A/NIG/21/2009, though multiple NIG/2009 sequences were also identified as closely related. Both isolates showed marked genetic homogeneity with >93% genetic identity in the VP1 region which confirmed heterogeneity and antigenic variation nature of FMDV.
Conclusion: Quasi species and subtypes of FMD serotypes A and SAT 2 similar to A/NIG/21/2009 and SAT 2/LIB/7/2003 respectively caused the reported FMD outbreaks in Fulani livestock herds investigated. A combined real-time and optimized RT-PCR protocols that would facilitate effective and timely FMD outbreak control plan based on identified serotypes is thus suggested.
Keywords: foot and mouth disease virus, Ilesha Baruba, Kwara State, molecular, outbreaks, phylogenetic.
References
1. Shao, H., Hui-Yun, C., Guang-Qing, Z., Guo-Zheng, C., Jun-Zheng, D., Tong, L., Shan-Dian, G., Ji-Jun, H., Xiang-Tao, L., Ji-Xing, L., and Jin-Liang, G. (2010) RT rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 8(2): 133-140.
 
2. Jamal, S.M. and Belsham, G.J. (2013) Foot-and-mouth disease: Past, present and future. Vet. Res., 44: 116-130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-116
PMid:24308718 PMCid:PMC4028749
 
3. Longjam, N., and Tayo, T. (2011) Antigenic variation of foot and mouth disease virus-An overview. Vet. World., 4(10): 475-479.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2011.475-479
 
4. Xue, M., Wang, H., Li, W., Zhou, G., Tu, Y., and Yu, L. (2012) Effects of amino acid substitutions in the VP2 B-C loop on antigenicity and pathogenicity of serotype Asia1 foot and- mouth disease virus. Virol. J., 9: 191-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-191
PMid:22963009 PMCid:PMC3489780
 
5. Rweyemamu, M., Roeder, P., Mackay, D., Sumption, K., Brownlie, J., Leforban, Y., Valarcher, J.F., Knowles, N.J. and Saraiva, V. (2008) Epidemiological patterns of foot-and-mouth disease worldwide. Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 55: 57-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01013.x
PMid:18397509
 
6. Depa, P.M., Dimri, U., Sharma, M.C. and Tiwari, R. (2012) Update on epidemiology and control of foot and mouth disease - A menace to international trade and global animal enterprise. Vet. World., 5(11): 694-704.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2012.693-703
 
7. Lazarus, D.D., Schielen, W.J.G., Wungak, Y., Kwange, D., and Fasina, F.O. (2012) Sero-epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in some border states of Nigeria. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 6(8): 1756-1761.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1026
 
8. Olabode, H.O.K. (2012) Foot and mouth disease in Nigeria: The current status and control efforts. A Paper presented at the global foot and mouth disease research alliance workshop organized by ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, held at Hazy-view, Kurger National Park, South Africa on the 17th-19th April, 2012. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/GFRA/presentations/Session3/3.4OlabodeFMD%20POWERPOINT.pdf.
 
9. Van Phan, L., Kwang-Nyeong, L., Tung, N., Su-Mi, K., In-Soo, C, Dinh, D.K, Nguyen, B.H., Dong, V.Q. and Jong-Hyeon, P. (2012) A rapid molecular strategy for early detection and characterization of foot and mouth disease virus serotypes A, O and Asia 1. J. Virol. Meth., 180(1-2): 1-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.11.028
PMid:22172973
 
10. Tian, H., Wu, J., Shang, Y., Cheng, Y., and Liu, X.T. (2010) The development of a rapid SYBR one step real-time RT-PCR for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virol. J., 7: 90-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-90
PMid:20459705 PMCid:PMC2874540
 
11. El-Shehawy, L., Azab, A.M.H., Mossad, W., El-Sayed, E., Ismail, A., and Deghady, W. (2012) Real time RT-PCR assay for detection of different serotypes of FMDV in Egypt. Vet. World., 5(12): 732-737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2012.732-737
 
12. Megersa, B., Beyene, B., Abunna, F., Regassa, A., Amenu, K., and Rufael, T. (2009) Risk factors for foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in indigenous cattle in southern Ethiopia: The effect of production system. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 41(6): 891-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9276-5
PMid:19052894
 
13. Olabode, H.O.K., Kazeem, H.M., Raji, M.A. and Ibrahim, N.D.G. (2014) Participatory appraisal of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state-Nigeria. Alex. J. Vet. Sci. AJVS., 40: 132-138.
 
14. Anonymous (2011) Baruteen Local Government Area of Kwara State. Available from: http://www.kwarastate.gov.ng/baruteen-local-government-area.html. [Last accessed on 2011 Jul 20].
 
15. Office International for Epizootics (OIE). (2012) Foot and mouth disease. In: OIE Terrestrial Manual. Ch. 2.1.5. http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/list-of-laboratories/) p1-29. Last accessed on 28-08-2014.
 
16. Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1998) RT-PCR and sequencing protocols for the molecular epidemiology of exotic virus diseases of animals - OIE/FAO-WRL-FMD: Molecular Epidemiology Group. p5-20.
 
17. Moniwa, M., Clavijo, A., Li, M., Collignon, B., and Kitching, R.P. (2007) Performance of a foot-and-mouth disease virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with amplification controls between three real-time instruments. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 19(1): 9-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900103
PMid:17459827
 
18. Page, R.D.M. (1996) TREEVIEW: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci., 12(4): 357-358.
PMid:8902363
 
19. Durojaiye, A.O. (1981) Incidence of foot and mouth disease in Oyo state of Nigeria. Niger Vet. J., 10: 7-13.
 
20. Nagendrakumar, S.B., Madhanmohan, M., Rangarajan, P.N. and Srinivasan, V.A. (2009) Genetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A of Indian origin and detection of positive selection and recombination in leader protease- and capsid-coding regions. J. Biosci., 34(1): 85-101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0011-9
PMid:19430121
 
21. Di Nardo, A., Knowles, N.J. and Paton, D.J. (2011) Combining livestock trade patterns with phylogenetics to help understand the spread of foot and mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Sci. Tech. Rev. Off. Int. Epiz., 30(1): 63-85.
 
22. Valdazo-González, B., Knowles, N.J., Hammond, J., and King, D.P. (2012) Genome sequences of SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses from Egypt and Palestinian autonomous territories (Gaza Strip). J. Virol., 86(16): 8901-8902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01231-12
PMid:22843860 PMCid:PMC3421706
 
23. Bastos, A.D.S., Haydon, D.T., Sangare, O., Boshoff, C.I., Edrich, J.L. and Thomson, G.R. (2003) The implications of virus diversity within the SAT 2 serotype for control of foot-and-mouth disease in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Gen. Virol., 84(6): 1595-1606.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.18859-0
PMid:12771430
 
24. Vosloo, W., Bastos, A.D.S., Sangare, O., Hargreaves, S.K. and Thomson, G.R. (2002) Review of the status and control of foot and mouth disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sci. Tech. Rev. Off. Int. Epiz., 21(3): 437-449.
 
25. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2012) Foot-and-Mouth disease caused by serotype SAT2 in Egypt and Libya: A regional concern for animal health in North Africa and the Middle East. EMPRES WATCH, Vol. 25, March 2012. Rome.
 
26. Arzt, J., Juleff, N., Zhang, Z., and Rodriguez, L.L. (2011) The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease I: Viral pathways in cattle. Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 58: 291-304.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x
PMid:21366894
 
27. Kitching, R.P. and Hughes, G.J. (2002) Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: Sheep and goats. Sci. Tech. Rev., 21(3): 505-512.
at No comments:

Effect of selenium on the development of selected indicators of fertility in dairy cows

Effect of selenium on the development of selected indicators of fertility in dairy cows - A. Balicka-Ramisz and G. Jastrzębski
Veterinary World, 7(10): 863-867



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.863-867


Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine selenium (Se) concentration in the blood serum of dairy cows and to establish its influence on the level of production and reproduction traits.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on the farm located in Western Pomerania - Poland and involved 120 cows, which were selected using the analog method on the basis of their physiological state, lactation number, milk yield, age, and genotype. The following indices were analyzed in individual groups: Calving interval, gestation interval, insemination index, standstill of placenta. Se concentration in the blood serum was determined with the spectrofluorometric method.
Results: The mean serum Se concentration was in cows 0.038 μg/ml. The use of Se preparations has raised fertility, which was documented statistically.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the problem of Se deficiency is still present in some dairy cattle herds in Western Pomerania - Poland.
Keywords: dairy cows, fertility rates, selenium, serum.
at No comments:

Chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle

Chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle - S. Shekhar, A. K. Sahoo, N. Dalai, P. Chaudhary, P. K. Praveen, R. Saikhom and R. Rai
Veterinary World, 7(10): 859-862



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.859-862


Abstract
Aim: The aim was to study the chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle.
Materials and Methods: 27 female cattle (21 arsenic affected and 6 normal) were selected for cytogenetical study. The blood samples were collected, incubated, and cultured using appropriate media and specific methods. The samples were analyzed for chromosome number and morphology, relative length of the chromosome, arm ratio, and centromere index of X chromosome and chromosomal abnormalities in arsenic affected cattle to that of normal ones.
Results: The diploid number of metaphase chromosomes in arsenic affected cattle as well as in normal cattle were all 2n=60, 58 being autosomes and 2 being sex chromosomes. From the centromeric position, karyotyping studies revealed that all the 29 pair of autosomes was found to be acrocentric or telocentric, and the sex chromosomes (XX) were submetacentric in both normal and arsenic affected cattle. The relative length of all the autosome pairs and sex chrosomosome pair was found to be higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle. The mean arm ratio of X-chromosome was higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle, but it is reverse in case of centromere index value of X-chromosome. There was no significant difference of arm ratio and centromere index of X-chromosomes between arsenic affected and normal cattle. No chromosomal abnormalities were found in arsenic affected cattle.
Conclusion: The chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle in West Bengal reported for the first time in this present study which may serve as a guideline for future studies in other species. These reference values will also help in comparison of cytological studies of arsenic affected cattle to that of various toxicants.
Keywords: arsenic, autosomes, karyotyping, metaphase chromosome.
at No comments:

Monday 20 October 2014

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Research (Published online: 20-10-2014)
20. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh - S. Biswas, M. N. Tigga, R. K. Bauri and P. Biswas
Veterinary World, 7(10): 856-858



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.856-858


Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: Approximately, 10 g of feces was collected from recently voided feces in airtight fecal collection vials (HiMedia, India). Fecal samples were subjected to the direct method and centrifuge flotation method for finding out parasitic ova. The ova were identified on the basis of morphological characters described by Soulsby, 1982.
Result: A total of 78 fecal samples were collected. Of 78, 44 (56.41%) samples were found positive. Most of the positive fecal sample showed mixed infection of different helminths parasites egg. Fasciola spp. and Amphistome spp. were the two predominant parasites among the flukes. In nematodes infection, Toxocara vitulorum was the least prevalent GI nematodes. In the case of cestodes Moniezia expansa was little higher (14%) in semi-intensive.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that Mithun is infected by several GI parasites. Among trematodes, Fasciola, and Amphistomes are predominantly spp. whereas, Strongyle and Trichuris are more prevalent spp. among nematodes and Moniezia among cestodes parasites.
Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, gastrointestinal helminths, Mithun.
References
1. Shisode, M.G., Khanvilkar, A.V., Kulkarni, M.D., Samant, S.R., Yadav, G.B. and Bawaskar, M.S (2009) Mithun: The pride animal of North-Eastern hilly region of India. Vet. World, 2: 480-481.
 
2. Rajkhowa, S., Rajkhowa, C., Rahman, H. and Bujabaruah, K.M. (2004) Sero-prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Mithun in India. Rev. Sci. Tech., 23: 821-829.
PMid:15861877
 
3. Simoons, F.J. (1984) Gayal or Mithun. In: Mason, I.L. editor. Evolution of Domesticated Animals. Longman, London. p34-38.
 
4. Lydekker, R. (1888-1890) . The New Natural History. Vol. 2. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. p179-181.
 
5. NRCM. (2010) National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland, India. http://www.nrcmithun.res.in. Last accessed on 04-09-2014.
 
6. Rajkhowa, S., Rajkhowa, C. and Bujarbaruah, K.M. (2003) Diseases of Mithun (Bos frontalis) - A review. Vet. Bull., 73: 1R-6R.
 
7. Rajkhowa, S., Bujarbaruah, K.M., Rajkhowa, C. and Kapenlo, T. (2004) Incidence of intestinal parasitism in Mithun (Bos frontalis). J. Vet. Parasitol., 19: 39-41.
 
8. Rajkhowa, S., Bujarbaruah, K.M, Rajkhowa, C. and Kapenlo, T. (2005) Incidence of intestinal parasitism in Mithun (Bos frontalis). J. Vet. Parasitol., 19: 39-41.
 
9. Chamuah, J.K., Das, M., Islam, S., Rajkhowa, C. and Chakraborty, A. (2009) Studies on naturally acquired gastrointestinal helminth of Mithun (Bos frontalis). J. Vet. Parasitol., 23: 37-40.
 
10. Chamuah, J.K., Das, M., Rajkhowa, S., Islam, S. and Rajkhowa, C. (2009) Coccidiosis in Mithun (Bos frontalis). Indian Vet. J., 86: 419-420.
 
11. Tandon, V., Kar, P. K., Das, B., Sharma, B. and Dorjee, J. (2005) Preliminary survey of gastro-intestinal helminth infection in herbivorous livestock of mountainous regions of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. Zoos' Print J., 20(5): 1867-1868.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1227.1867-8
 
12. Chamuah, J.K., Perumal, P., Singh, V., Mech, A, and Borkotoky, D. (2013) Helminth parasites of Mithun (Bos frontalis) - An overview. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 83: 235-237.
 
13. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982) Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. (ELBS) Bailiere Toindal, London.
 
14. Laha, R., Rajkhowa, C., Chamuah, J.K. and Goswami, A. (2013) Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Mithun in organised farm. Indian J. Hill. Forming, 26(1): 45-46.
at No comments:

Sunday 19 October 2014

Assessment of genetic variability among Indian sheep breeds using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-b region

Assessment of genetic variability among Indian sheep breeds using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome-b region - A. D. Sawaimul, M. G. Sahare, S. Z. Ali, A. R. Sirothia and Satish Kumar
Veterinary World, 7(10): 852-855



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.852-855


Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to estimate genetic distance, the phylogenetic relationship, and time of divergences using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
Materials and Methods: The total 216 unrelated samples were collected from native breeding tract of six Indian sheep breeds. The genomic DNA was isolated and screened for restriction enzyme polymorphisms for cytochrome b (Cyt-b) region of mtDNA with seven restriction enzymes.
Results: The genetic distance among sheep breeds was ranging between 0.02833 and 0.0946. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Malpura and Chokla were found closer relationship forming distinct cluster followed by Deccani individual were clustered with Nellore sheep, whereas Nali and Sonadi were distant to each other having separate cluster. Estimated divergence time among Indian sheep breeds were ranging about 1.41-4.73 million years ago (MYA) with an average of 3.063±0.27 MYA. It showed that Malpura and Sonadi sheep revealed highest divergence time as 4.73 MYA whereas Malpura and Chokla show the lowest as 1.41 MYA.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the restriction fragment length polymorphisms-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) of the Cyt-b region of mtDNA is suitable and cost effective tool for estimating the genetic variability, phylogenetic relationship, and time of divergence among Indian sheep breeds. These findings will help to formulate proper breeding strategies for conservation and utilization of sheep breeds.
Keywords: genetics-diversity, mitochondrial DNA, restriction fragment length polymorphisms-polymerase, chain reaction, sheep breed.
at No comments:

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cloning of immunogenic protein NAD-dependent beta hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase gene of Clostridium chauvoei

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cloning of immunogenic protein NAD-dependent beta hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase gene of Clostridium chauvoei - Saroj K. Dangi, Ajay P. Singh, Satyaveer S. Dangi, Prasad Thomas, Santosh K. Gupta, Rajesh K. Agarwal and K. N. Viswas
Veterinary World, 7(10): 848-851



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.848-851



Abstract
Aim: The present study was aimed at polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and cloning of NAD-dependent betahydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (BHBD) gene of Clostridium chauvoei.
Materials and Methods: C. chauvoei was cultured and confirmed by 16-23S rDNA spacer region primers. The primers for nad-bhbd gene ofC. chauvoei were designed to aid in cloning into pRham-N-His SUMO-Kan vector, and nad-bhbd gene was amplified by PCR. The amplifiednad-bhbd gene was purified and cloned into pRham-N-His SUMO-Kan expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. cloni 10 G cells and the clone was confirmed by colony PCR using the pRham-SUMO-NAD-For and pRham-SUMO-NAD-Rev primers and also by sequencing.
Results: PCR amplification of nad-bhbd gene yielded a product length of 844 base pairs which was cloned into pRham-NHis SUMO-Kan vector followed by transformation into E. cloni 10G chemically competent cells. The recombinant clones were characterized by colony PCR, sequencing, followed by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis to confirm the insert.
Conclusions: Immunogenic protein NAD- dependent BHBD of C. chauvoei was cloned and the recombinant clones were confirmed by colony PCR and sequencing analysis.
Keywords: black quarter, Clostridium chauvoei, NAD-beta-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase.
at No comments:

Age and lactation specific disposal pattern in Sahiwal cattle and influence of various genetic and non-genetic factors

Age and lactation specific disposal pattern in Sahiwal cattle and influence of various genetic and non-genetic factors - A. Upadhyay, D. K. Sadana, A. K. Gupta, A. K. Chakravarty, S. Dash, M. K. Das, Anushree M. and P. R. Shivahre
Veterinary World, 7(10): 842-847



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.842-847


Abstract
Premature disposal of female calves before reaching milch herd and undesirable disposal of lactating cows are the major constraints in achieving larger herd size. During the early lactations, younger cows are supposed to give higher milk yield and undesirable disposal of early calvers, thereby, greatly hampers profitability of a dairy farm. Knowledge of the incidence of disposal along with reasons in various age groups and at various parities is essential to identify which age group or parity is more vulnerable for disposal. Moreover, knowledge of various genetic and non-genetic factors associated with disposal of animals may also be helpful in developing breeding and management strategies to reduce the incidence of disposal. In most of the studies, it was found that major reasons of disposal of dairy cattle were mortality among female calves and involuntary culling among adult lactating cows. Maximum mortality in female calves was observed during earlier ages and pneumonia, gastro-enteritis and debility were major reasons of female calf mortality. Whereas, most of the adult cows left the herd, due to teat and udder and reproductive problems. Moreover, indigenous breeds were found to be more adapted to Indian tropical climatic conditions in comparison to crossbred and exotic cattle breeds.
Keywords: culling, disposal pattern, heritability estimates, mortality, Sahiwal cattle.
at No comments:

Saturday 18 October 2014

Electrocardiographic and hemato-biochemical effects of two balanced anesthetic protocols in dogs

Electrocardiographic and hemato-biochemical effects of two balanced anesthetic protocols in dogs - Anubhav Khurana, Adarsh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar Sharma and Amit Kumar
Veterinary World, 7(10): 835-841



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.835-841


Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the electrocardiographic (ECG), hematological and clinico-biochemical effects of two balanced anesthetic protocols in dogs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 clinical cases of dogs, randomly divided into two groups of 10 animals each were made part of study. All dogs were premedicated with injection atropine sulfate @ 0.04 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) subcutaneously followed 15 min later with injection butorphanol tartarate @ 0.2 mg/kg b. wt. intravenous (IV). Subsequently after 10 min premedicated with injection diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg b. wt. IV (Group DP) or injection acepromazine maleate @ 0.015 mg/kg b. wt. IV (Group AP) followed by injection propofol “till effect” IV for induction of surgical anesthesia. The animals were immediately transferred to halothane in oxygen. Observations recorded in dogs included ECG recordings, hematological and clinico-biochemical observations at various time intervals.
Results: No arrhythmia was observed in any animal pre-operatively and intra-operatively in any of the groups. Significant fall in packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count occurred in DP group in early phase, whereas only PCV decreased significantly in AP group. Biochemical parameters were non-significant in both the groups.
Conclusion: Both diazepam-butorphanol-propofol-halothane and acepromazine-butorphanol-propofol-halothane are safe with respect to their ECG, hematological and biochemical effects in clinical cases.
Keywords: acepromazine, butorphanol, diazepam, dog, propofol.
at No comments:

Comparison of standard lactation curve models using fortnightly milk records in Frieswal cattle

Comparison of standard lactation curve models using fortnightly milk records in Frieswal cattle - Amit Kumar Dohare, B. Singh, Med Ram Verma, Bangkeng Perme, Vijay Bahadur Sharma, Neha Gupta and Shashank Kshandakar
Veterinary World, 7(10): 831-834



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.831-834


Abstract
Aim: The aim was to compare standard lactation curve models using fortnightly milk records in Frieswal cattle.
Materials and Methods: A total of 2904 fortnightly milk yield (FMY) records from 132 Frieswal cattle maintained at Military Farm, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh were taken for study. The Wood (WD), Morant and Gnanasakthy (MG), Mitscherlich x Exponential (ME), and Wilmink (WK) models were fitted on average FMY (AFMY) by nonlinear regression using statistical package SAS 9.3 version. The goodness of fit of models was judged by the adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj. R2) and root mean square error.
Results: The AFMY ranges from 127.09 kg (first fortnight) to 110.04 kg (last fortnight) with peak fortnight yield of 189.51 kg and peak period at fourth fortnight. Predicted peak yield by different models ranges from 182.7 to 190.2 kg. The herd average milk yield was predicted with a high degree of accuracy (Adj. R2>92%) by all models with the maximum accuracy (Adj. R2=99.20%) obtained by ME model followed by MG (Adj. R2=98.8%) and WK model (Adj. R2=96.0%).
Conclusion: The ME model provided best fit for FMY data in Frieswal cattle followed by WK and MG model, whereas WD model fitted least.
Keywords: Frieswal cattle, fortnightly milk yield, lactation curve model, peak yield.
at No comments:

Thermoregulatory and adaptive responses of adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hyperthermia: Physiological, behavioral, and metabolic approach

Thermoregulatory and adaptive responses of adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hyperthermia: Physiological, behavioral, and metabolic approach - Alok K. Wankar, Gyanendra Singh and Brijesh Yadav
Veterinary World, 7(10): 825-830



   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.825-830


Abstract
Aim: The study was planned to evaluate the indigenous animal adaptive capabilities during optimum temperature versus heat stress (HS).
Materials and Methods: Four adult buffaloes were exposed at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C for 21 days at every treatment in environmentally controlled chamber and physio-biochemical variation and animal behavior was observed.
Results: The study revealed significantly increased rectal temperature, respiration rate, water intake, sodium, reactive oxygen metabolites, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase while, pulse rate and thyroid hormones decreased during thermal stress. Panting, restlessness, salivation, and sweating were higher during HS while, rumination and urination contrastingly lowered.
Conclusion: The results reflect the impact of hyperthermia both acute and chronic, on the animals forcing various physiobiochemical, endocrinal, and behavioral changes for acclimatization during a stressful period aimed at maintaining homeothermy.
Keywords: acclimatization, behavior, endocrinal, heat stress, panting, physio-biochemical.
at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)