Thursday 21 August 2014

Featured Veterinary Medicine Books

Here is the list of some Veterinary Medicine books found at http://www.bookdepository.com/category/1458/Veterinary-Medicine

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Showing items 1 to 4 of 9

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2. Prevalence and pathology of oviduct impaction in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India

2.  Prevalence and pathology of oviduct impaction in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India - P. Srinivasan, G. A. Balasubramaniam, T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy and P. Balachandran
Veterinary World, 7(8): 553-558


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.553-558


P. Srinivasan: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;srinipat2004@yahoo.com
G. A. Balasubramaniam: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;
gabalasubramaniam@gmail.com
T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Namakkal, India; gkmurthy_in@yahoo.com
P. Balachandran: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;balaavg@yahoo.co.in

Received: 25-04-2014, Revised: 21-06-2014, Accepted: 27-06-2014, Published online: 02-08-2014

Corresponding author: P. Srinivasan, email: srinipat2004@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aim: The avian oviduct is a tubular organ responsible for fertilization, secretion of the components surrounding the yolk and transport of egg in the reproductive tract. Disorders of oviduct may have a great bearing on production potential and incur a heavy loss. A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and pathological changes of impacted oviduct in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India for a period of four years from 2006 to 2009.
Materials and Methods: A total of 5145 carcasses of white leghorn layers, above 20 weeks age from 255 flocks were examined for various oviduct abnormalities. Heart blood, liver and oviduct swabs collected upon necropsy from 45 layer chicken from six flocks with oviduct impaction were screened for bacterial agents. Pooled tissue (trachea, lung, spleen, caecal tonsil, kidney and oviduct) samples from impacted oviduct cases were screened for viral agents. Serum samples collected from affected flocks were screened for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and egg drop syndrome – 76 (EDS-76) virus by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) by ELISA. Flock details and pathological changes were recorded in affected flocks to assess the prevalence and impact of oviduct impaction on commercial layer chicken.
Results: The results of the present investigation indicated that the oviduct impaction was responsible for 0.87 % cent of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 wk of age. Egg production drop, morbidity and mortality recorded in the affected flocks were varied from 3 to 8, 0.4 to 1.2 and 0.2 to 0.5 % respectively. The oviduct impaction was commonly noticed above 40 wk old layers and predominantly during colder months. Serum samples collected from three flocks with oviduct impaction were found positive for Mg and Ms infection in ELISA test. Escherichia coli was isolated as a pure culture in 29 birds and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 16 birds. Serotyping of E. coli isolates revealed that O144, O54 and O109 were the predominant types. Necropsy examination of carcasses with impacted oviduct showed emaciation, peritonitis, regression of ovarian follicles and distension of oviduct commonly in the infundibulum and magnum region. The exudate was either large mass with concentric layering on cut section or numerous caesous masses with varying size and shape often mixed with creamy or serosangunious fluid. Histopathological examination of oviduct revealed the presence of lymphoid foci in the epithelial layer with marked atrophy and degeneration of mucosal folds.
Conclusions: Impacted oviduct constituted 0.87 % of oviduct abnormality in commercial layer chicken with an overall mortality of 0.5 %. The findings of this study showed that the oviduct impaction might be caused by E.coli in concurrence with Proteous spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycoplasma.
Keywords: E. coli, layer chicken, mycoplasma, oviduct impaction, pathology, prevalence.
References

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2. Srinivasan, P., Balasubramaniam, G.A., Gopala Krishna Murthy, T.R. and Balachandran, P. (2014) Prevalence of oviduct abnormalities in commercial layer chicken in Namakkal zone, India. Indian Vet. J., 91: 32-35.
 
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5. Srinivasan, P., Balasubramaniam, G.A., Gopala Krishna Murthy, T.R. and Balachandran, P. (2012) Pathology of oviduct in suboptimally producing commercial layer chicken. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 11: 577-581.
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11. Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Leonard, F.C., Fitzpatrick, E.S., Fanning, S. and Hartigen, P.J. (2011) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease, 2nd edition. Wiley Blackwell, USA, p263-286.
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12. Alexander, D.J. and Senne, D.A. (2008) Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. In: Dufour-Zavala, L., Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Pearson, J.E., Reed, W.M., Jackwood, M.W. and Woolcock, P.R. Editors. A laboratory manual for the isolation, identification and characterization of avian pathogens. 5th edition. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Athens, GA, p135–141.
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13. Mohammad, M.H., Zabid, A.A.H., Kadham, L.I. and Hasoon, M.F. (2013) Conventional and molecular detection of Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease in chicken. J. World's Poult. Res., 3: 05-12.
 
14. Villarreal, L.Y.B. (2010) Diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus: An overview of concepts and tools. Rev Bras Cienc Avic., 12: 111-114.
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15. Alam, J., Mamun, M.A., Samad, M.A., Rahamat, U.M., Giasuddin, M. and Taimur M.J.F.A. (2009) Outbreak of egg drop syndrome in Bangladesh. Int. J. Biol., 1: 56-64.
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16. Srinivasan, P., Balasubramaniam, G.A., Gopala Krishna Murthy, T.R. and Balachandran, P. (2014) Spontaneously occurring mycoplasmal salpingitis in commercial layer chicken with special reference to pathological features. Indian Vet. J., 91: 21-24.
 
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19. Srinivasan, P., Balasubramaniam, G.A., Gopala Krishna Murthy, T.R. and Balachandran, P. (2013) Bacteriological and Pathological studies of egg peritonitis in commercial layer chicken in Namakkal area. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 3: 988-994.
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23. Trampel, D.W., Wannemuehler, Y. and Nolan, L.K. (2007) Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from peritonitis lesions in commercial laying hens. Avian Dis., 51: 840–844.
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24. Srinivasan, P., Sudhakar Rao, G.V. and Titus George, V. (2002) Pathology of Escherichia coli and concurrent infection of IBDV with Escherichia coli in chicken. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 72: 967-970.
 
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26. Srinivasan, P., Sudhakar Rao, G.V. and Titus George, V. (2003) Serotyping of Escherichia coli isolated from natural cases of Colibacillosis in and around Namakkal. Indian Vet J., 80: 192-193.
 
27. Salehi, M. and Ghanbarpour, R. (2010) Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Layer Hens with Salpingitis. Am J Anim Vet Sci., 5 : 208-214.
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31. Bonia, R., Phangcho, C.V., Mukit, A. and Saikia, G.K. (2010) Incidence and pathological conditions in chicken of Kalinga Brown breed in Guwahati, Assam. Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 34: 43-45.
 
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35. Jordan, F.T., Williams, N.J., Wattret, A., Jones, T. (2005) Observations on salpingitis, peritonitis and salpingo- peritonitis in a layer breeder flock. Vet. Rec., 157: 573–577.
PMid:16272543
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1. A comparative evaluation of avidin-biotin ELISA and micro SNT for detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle population of Odisha, India - Priyaranjan Das, Nihar Nalini Mohanty, S. Ranganatha, Siddharth Ranabijuli, Laxmi Narayan Sarangi and Hemant Kumar Panda
Veterinary World, 7(8): 548-552


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.548-552


Priyaranjan Das: Orissa Biological Products Institute (SatelliteUnit), Berhampur, Odisha, India; drpriya.vety@gmail.com
Nihar Nalini Mohanty: Clinical Bacteriology Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India;nihar.mohanty13@gmail.com
S. Ranganatha: National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, Karnataka, India;srangavetco@gmail.com
Siddharth Ranabijuli: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sakhigopal, Odisha, India; drsidhu.vet@gmail.com
Laxmi Narayan Sarangi: Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; laxmisarangi@gmail.com
Hemant Kumar Panda: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; drpanda.hk@gmail.com

Received: 09-04-2014, Revised: 17-06-2014, Accepted: 24-06-2014, Published online: 02-08-2014

Corresponding author: Nihar Nalini Mohanty, email: nihar.mohanty13@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The present study was undertaken to serologically detect Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in the cattle population of Odisha, India using micro-Serum neutralization test (micro SNT) and Avidin-Biotin Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (AB ELISA) and finding out their comparative efficacy to serve as a suitable diagnostic tool in field condition.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using serum samples (n=180) collected randomly from cattle populations of nine districts of Odisha. Similarly vaginal swabs (n=26) from cattle having history of repeat breeding, abortion, vulvo-vaginitis and nasal swabs (n=8) from calves with respiratory symptoms and nasal discharge were collected aseptically, to ascertain the circulation of virus among the cattle population.
Results: Virus isolation by cell culture and subsequent confirmation by polymerase chain reaction confirmed four isolates. Screening of serum samples revealed 9.44% and 12.22% samples positive for IBR antibodies in micro SNT and AB ELISA respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of AB ELISA test was found to be 88.23% and 95.70% respectively taking micro SNT as gold standard and the kappa value between the two tests was 0.75.
Conclusion: Screening of serum samples revealed 9.44% and 12.22% samples positive for IBR antibodies in micro SNT and AB ELISA respectively, thus highlighting the circulation of virus among the livestock population of Odisha and that AB ELISA could be more efficiently applied for the sero-diagnosis of IBR virus infections at field conditions, with demand for more study on faster, efficient and large scale screening of the infected animals.
Keywords: avidin-biotin ELISA, bovine herpes virus -1, cattle, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, isolation, serum neutralization test, Odisha.
References

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2. Biswas S., Bandyopadhyay S., Dimri U and Patra P.H. (2013) Bovine herpesvirus-1(BHV-1) a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. Vet Qurt., 33(2):68-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2013.799301
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5. Kiran K. K., Ravi, P. and Prabhudas, K. (2005) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis- National survey of IBR antibodies by AB-ELISA kit. Annual Report of Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance. ICAR, Bangalore. p7-10.
 
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8. Suresh, K. B., Sudharshana, K. J and Rajasekhar, M. (1999). Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in India. Indian Vet. J., 76: 5-9.
 
9. Gungor, A. B and Ozkul, A. (2007). Dynamics of natural bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) infection in a dairy herd. Trop Anim Health Prod., 39: 13–20.
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10. Chandranaik, B. M., Chethana, S., Kumar, S and Renukaprasad, C. (2010) Isolation of BHV-1 from bovine semen and application of real-time PCR for diagnosis of IBR/IPV from clinical samples. Vet. Arhiv., 80: 467-475.
 
11. Nisavic, J., Milic, N., Aleksandra, K and Tanja, J. (2010) The application of polymerase chain reaction in detection of bovine herpes virus 1 in clinical samples. Acta Vet., 60 (1): 39-48.
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15. Anita, D., Anita, A. and Savuta, G.(2010). Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 by PCR Assay. Bulletin UASVM, Veterinary Medicine., 67(2):23-27.
 
16. Kumar, M., Manohar, M. and Nandi, S.(2011). A rapid PCR for detection of BHV-1 genomic DNA in semen samples. Indian Vet. J., 88(6):14-16.
 
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20. Nandi, S., Kumar, M., Yadav, V and Chander, V. (2011) Serological evidences of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in bovines of organized farms in India. Transbound Emerg Dis., 58: 105–109.
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24. Trangadia, B. J., Rana, S. K., Nagmani, K. and Srinivasan, V. A. (2012) Serological Investigation of Bovine Brucellosis, Johne's disease and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Two States of India. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 2: 38-41.
 
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00128-8
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18. The comparative analysis of infection pattern and oocyst output in Eimeria tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina in young broiler chicken - Myung-Jo You
Veterinary World, 7(7): 542-547


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.542-547


Myung-Jo You: Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; tick@chonbuk.ac.kr, Phone no. +82 63 270 3887, Fax. +82 63 270 3780.

Received: 25-04-2014, Revised: 21-06-2014, Accepted: 27-06-2014, Published online: 31-07-2014

Corresponding author: Myung-Jo You, email: tick@chonbuk.ac.kr
Abstract

Aim: To assess the pattern of infection pattern by artificially infected Eimeria strains of Korean isolates and assessed the degree of sporulating oocysts at different temperature.
Materials and Methods: Birds were orally inoculated with oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima and Eimeri acervulina. Oocyst count, oocyst isolation and sporulation were evaluated from the fourth to the tenth day post infection. Histopathological studies also made in the caecum and intestinal to comparative lesions.
Results: Mean oocyst counts of these species increased more quickly on the day of 5th to 6th of post-infection. E. acervulina reached its highest infection level on the 6th day while both E. tenella and E. maxima had peak on the 7th day. The prepatent period of oocyst output in the E. acervulina started 120 h and ended on the 10th day after inoculation, whereas the E. maxima started oocyst output at 144 h and E. tenella oocyst output at 168 h respectively. The best temperature for optimum sporulation was found to be at 250C at sporulation rate of 88.91%, while at 200C sporulated 88.03%, and at 300C sporulated 82.44%.
Conclusion: Current study represent the pattern of infection, pathogenesis and optimum sporulation temperature and our results suggested that 250C is optimum for sporulated oocyst of Korean isolates of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina.

Keywords: broiler chick, Eimeria, oocyst, pathogen.
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