Molecular characteristic of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Sumba Island at East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Research (Published online: 13-01-2020)

15. Molecular characteristic of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Sumba Island at East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

I. K. Narcana, I. W. Suardana and I. N. K. Besung

Veterinary World, 13(1): 104-109

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of Pasteurella multocida isolates originated from Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province.

Materials and Methods: The isolates of P. multocida stored in frozen storage were cultured in blood agar as a selective medium and identified conventionally. Molecular tests were initiated by DNA isolation and then followed by polymerase chain reaction tests with specific primers for the determination of P. multocida serotype A or B. Positive strain of serotype B was then confirmed molecularly using 16S rRNA gene primer and followed by the sequencing of nucleotides.

Results: The study showed that both P. multocida isolates from Sumba island, i.e. PM1 is isolated from East Sumba district, while PM2 isolated from West Sumba district have 99.6% homology. Both isolates also known have 99% similarities with P. multocida originated from India, Britain, and Japan, respectively. The isolates share the same clade in the phylogenetic tree.

Conclusion: The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a high similarity of P. multocida serotype B:2 isolated from Sumba island with the Indian isolates although the sample size is very small. Therefore, further molecular studies like multilocus sequence typing, VNTR need to be performed using a larger number of samples to establish the genetic relatedness observed in this study.

Keywords: genetic relatedness, molecular genetic, Pasteurella multocida, Septicemia Epizootica, Sumba island.

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian indigenous catfish based on mitochondrial cytochrome B gene

Research (Published online: 13-01-2020)

14. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic study of Indonesian indigenous catfish based on mitochondrial cytochrome B gene

Dorothea Vera Megarani, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Zahrah Prawita Andarini, Yura Dwi Risa B. R. Surbakti and Rini Widayanti

Veterinary World, 13(1): 96-103

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to determine the genetic characterization and phylogenetic structure of Indonesian indigenous catfish using cytochrome B (Cyt B) sequences.

Materials and Methods: The genomes of 26 catfishes caught from nine rivers from nine different geographical locations around Indonesia were analyzed. The tissue isolation method was used to isolate the total genome of the fishes. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction was done to amplify the mtDNA Cyt B using the CytBF and CytBR primers. Following sequencing, the analysis of genetic variation and the phylogenetic relationship was performed using MEGA version X software.

Results: Cyt B gene sequencing attained a total of 1139 nucleotides encrypting 379 amino acids for all samples. The ClustalW alignment program using MEGA X software revealed 395 substituted nucleotides, which then translated into 63 amino acid variation sites among all 26 samples. No amino acids in catfish BB were different compared to catfish PM, MP, and KR2,3. Catfish MS had one modified amino acid; KR1 and KS had two different amino acids; BF had 38 different amino acids; EM had 31 different amino acids; and BSBJ had 26 different amino acids compared to catfish BB. The most significant alteration of amino acids was between catfish EM and BF (49 amino acids).

Conclusion: Indonesian catfish were divided into five clades based on the Cyt B gene. Samples KR and MP (Sumatra); MS and BB (Kalimantan); and PM (Java) were clustered with Hemibagrus nemurus and Hemibagrus wyckioides (Bagridae family). Samples from Kalimantan (KS) and one sample of KR (KR1) from Sumatra were clustered with Sperata seenghala and Hemibagrus spilopterus (Bagridae family). Samples from Java (BSBJ) were clustered with Pseudolais pleurotaenia (Pangasiidae family). Samples EM (Java) were together with Mystus cavasius (Bagridae family). Samples from West Papua were clustered with Potamosilurus latirostris (Ariidae family).

Keywords: cytochrome B, Indonesian indigenous catfish, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetic study, Siluriformes.

Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Escherichia coli isolated from the water supply of smallholder dairy farms in Saraburi and Maha Sarakham, Thailand

Research (Published online: 12-01-2020)

1. Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Escherichia coli isolated from the water supply of smallholder dairy farms in Saraburi and Maha Sarakham, Thailand

Natapol Pumipuntu and Sangkom Pumipuntu

International Journal of One Health, 6(1): 1-5

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: The problem of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in both humans and animals is an important public health concern globally, which is likely to increase, including in Thailand, where carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), such as Escherichia coli, are of particular concern. They are pathogens found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals as well as in the environment. They may cause opportunistic infection and are often resistant to antibiotics in various fields especially in animal husbandry, such as pets or livestock farms. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli from water samples of smallholder dairy farms in Saraburi and Maha Sarakham, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-four water samples were collected from 32 dairy farms in Kaeng Khoi district, Muak Lek district, and Wang Muang district of Saraburi Province, and Kantharawichai district and Mueang district of Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. All samples were cultured and isolated for E. coli by biochemical tests. All E. coli isolates were tested for drug susceptibility using imipenem, meropenem, and drug resistance genes of carbapenemases such as blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaOXA48 of drug-resistant E. coli isolates detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Results: A total of 182 E. coli isolates were found (140 and 42 isolates from Saraburi and Maha Sarakham, respectively). Drug sensitivity tests found that two isolates of E. coli from water in Kaeng Khoi were resistant to imipenem; therefore, the incidence of E. coli resistance to carbapenem was 1.43% of Saraburi Province. On the other hand, there was no incidence of drug-resistant E. coli in Maha Sarakham. In addition, the detection of the drug-resistant gene of E. coli in both isolates by PCR showed the expression of blaNDM.

Conclusion: This study reports E. coli resistance to antimicrobial drugs on livestock farms. It can be considered to be the first report of E. coli CRE detection in a dairy farm at Saraburi, which should be the subject of further extended study.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, dairy farm, Escherichia coli, water.

Fertility following uterine torsion in dairy cows: A cross-sectional study

Research (Published online: 11-01-2020)

13. Fertility following uterine torsion in dairy cows: A cross-sectional study

Marlene Sickinger, Eva-Maria Erteld and Axel Wehrend

Veterinary World, 13(1): 92-95

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Dairy cows with uterine torsion often are susceptible to reduced fertility resulting in more costs and effort to restore the economy of those cows. The aim of our study was to examine and evaluate the possible associations between uterine torsion and consequent uterine involution disturbances, on the one hand, and between the degree and duration of uterine torsion with fertility parameters, on the other hand.

Materials and Methods: Within 1.5 years, 115 dairy cows (German Browns, German Holsteins, and German Fleckvieh) that were suffering from uterine torsion were examined to evaluate the incidence of involution disturbances of the uterus and to examine the fertility after calving. Statistical analysis included correlation analyses between the degree and duration of torsion and fertility parameters (days open, days to conception, conception rate and services per conception, and intercalving interval) as well as incidence of involution disturbances.

Results: The study revealed no statistically significant correlation between uterine involution and degree of uterine torsion. However, involution processes were significantly correlated to the time of the expulsion of the fetal membranes. Days to conception and intercalving intervals were significantly influenced by the presence of uterine torsion.

Conclusion: Concerning fertility after uterine torsion, it was shown that reduced fertility is associated with the duration of uterine torsion (p=0.02) and time to drop of fetal membranes (p=0.02) but not with the degree of torsion (p=0.27).

Keywords: dairy cattle, fertility, uterine torsion, uterus involution.

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of livestock diseases in North Eastern Region of India

Research (Published online: 11-01-2020)

12. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of livestock diseases in North Eastern Region of India

Nagendra Nath Barman, Sharanagouda S. Patil, Rashmi Kurli, Pankaj Deka, Durlav Prasad Bora, Giti Deka, Kempanahalli M. Ranjitha, Channappagowda Shivaranjini, Parimal Roy and Kuralayanapalya P. Suresh

Veterinary World, 13(1): 80-91

ABSTRACT

Aim: The study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of livestock diseases in North Eastern Region (NER) of India, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data.

Materials and Methods: The articles used for the study were retrieved from PubMed, J-Gate Plus, Indian Journals, and Google scholar, R open-source scripting software 3.4.3. Metafor, Meta. The Chi-square test was conducted to assess for the heterogeneity, forest plot (confidence interval [CI] plot) is a method utilized to present the results of meta-analysis, displaying effect estimate and their CIs for each study were used for searching and retrieval of livestock diseases prevalence data in India using a search strategy combining keywords and related database-specific subject terms from 2008 to 2017 in English only.

Results: The prevalence of various livestock diseases are foot-and-mouth disease (21%), bluetongue (28%), brucellosis in bovine (17%), brucellosis in caprine (2%), brucellosis in porcine (18%), brucellosis in sheep and goat (3%), babesiosis (6%), theileriosis (26%), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (1%), porcine cysticercosis (6%), classical swine fever (31%), Porcine circovirus (43%), and Peste des petits ruminants (15%). This information helps policymakers to take appropriate measures to reduce the disease burden.

Conclusion: This study indicates that the overall prevalence of various livestock diseases in NER of India.

Keywords: babesiosis, brucellosis, classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, forest plot, livestock, meta-analysis, North Eastern regions, Peste des petits ruminants, Porcine circovirus, porcine cysticercosis, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, prevalence, seroprevalence, theileriosis.

Hypoglycemic efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and/or Ocimum basilicum leaves powder as a promising clinico-nutritional management tool for diabetes mellitus in Rottweiler dogs

Research (Published online: 10-01-2020)

11. Hypoglycemic efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and/or Ocimum basilicum leaves powder as a promising clinico-nutritional management tool for diabetes mellitus in Rottweiler dogs

Noha Abdelrahman, Ramadan El-Banna, Mahmoud M. Arafa and Maha M. Hady

Veterinary World, 13(1): 73-79

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: This study examined the impact of dietary fortification with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and/or basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves powder on glycemic status of dogs.

Materials and Methods: Forty-five Rottweiler dogs were assigned to five experimental groups and fed an experimentally processed extruded basal diet that was either fortified or not fortified. G1 was fed the basal diet without any fortification (negative control); G2 was consumed the basal diet supplemented with a commercially available synthetic palatant (positive control); G3 was provided with rosemary fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; G4 was provided with a basil fortified (at 0.05%) basal diet; and G5 was offered a rosemary and basil fortified (each at 0.025%) basal diet.

Results: G4 and G5 exhibited a positive impact on growth performance traits. Dogs in G3, G4, and G5 showed significant decreases in serum glucose levels in comparison to dogs of the control groups (G1 and G2). It was clear that the inclusion level of 0.05% of basil leaves powder showed the greatest hypoglycemic action. Indeed, G4 dogs showed a reduction in blood glucose at a percentage of approximately 31% followed by G5 and G3 groups (16.25% and 14%, respectively). Furthermore, basil leaves inhibited the amylase enzyme activity. Both insulin and cortisol levels in G4 dogs were increased and reduced compared to controls, respectively. In addition, dietary fortification with rosemary and/or basil significantly increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, while values for malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were decreased.

Conclusion: It could be concluded that dietary fortification of dog diet with rosemary and/or basil leaves powder at 0.05% separately or 0.025% in combination might be used as promising modulators of blood glucose levels as well as clinico-nutritional management tools for the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in dogs.

Keywords: amylase, basil, cortisol, hypoglycemia, insulin, rosemary, Rottweiler.

Canine demodicosis: Hematological and biochemical alterations

Research (Published online: 10-01-2020)

10. Canine demodicosis: Hematological and biochemical alterations

N. Y. Salem, H. Abdel-Saeed, H. S. Farag and R. A. Ghandour

Veterinary World, 13(1): 68-72

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: One of the most common cutaneous infections seen in veterinary canine practice is canine demodicosis. Demodicosis is a parasitic skin infection with a possible impact on acute-phase proteins (APPs) and oxidant-antioxidant balance. This study aimed to estimate the possible alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidant-antioxidant, and APP (C-reactive protein [CRP] and albumin) profiles in naturally infected dogs with demodicosis.

Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 21 dogs that were divided into two groups: The control group including 7 apparently healthy dogs and the diseased group including 14 dogs with generalized demodicosis. Demodicosis was confirmed through microscopic detection. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of CBC, total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and CRP levels.

Results: Significant reduction in red blood cells along with significant elevation in white blood cells was recorded in the diseased group compared with the control group. There was also significant elevation in MDA, TAC, SOD, and CRP levels along with significant reduction in GSH-Px and CAT levels in the diseased group.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, a relationship between canine generalized demodicosis and oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium could be suggested. Evidence of this relation manifested in the elevation in MDA and SOD levels and reduction in GPx and CAT levels as a consequence to the release of ROS resulting from Demodex infection. CRP elevation is expected in canine demodicosis.

Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, canine generalized demodicosis, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity.