2000 Latest UK Government Chevening (FCO) Scholarships 2015 for National / International Students in UK
UK Government Chevening (FCO) Scholarships 2015 for National / International Students
RESEARCHPEDIA.INFO
Tuesday, 18 August 2015
Monday, 17 August 2015
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in local cattle breeds of Senegal based on autosomal microsatellite markers
Research (Published online: 18-08-2015)
9. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in local cattle breeds of Senegal based on autosomal microsatellite markers - Ndèye Penda Ndiaye, Adama Sow, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan Dayo, Saliou Ndiaye, Germain Jerôme Sawadogo and Mbacké Sembène
Veterinary World, 8(8): 994-1005
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.994-1005
Aim: In Senegal, uncontrolled cross-breeding of cattle breeds and changes in production systems are assumed to lead to an increase of gene flow between populations. This might constitute a relevant threat to livestock improvement. Therewith, this study was carried out to assess the current genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of the four native Senegalese cattle breeds (Gobra zebu, Maure zebu, Djakoré, and N’Dama).
Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 120 unrelated animals collected from three agro-ecological areas of Senegal according to their phenotypic traits. Genotyping was done using 11 specific highly polymorphic microsatellite makers recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization. The basic measures of genetic variation and phylogenetic trees were computed using bioinformatics’ software.
Results: A total of 115 alleles were identified with a number of alleles (Na) at one locus ranging from 6 to 16. All loci were polymorphic with a mean polymorphic information content of 0.76. The mean allelic richness (Rs) lay within the narrow range of 5.14 in N’Dama taurine to 6.10 in Gobra zebu. While, the expected heterozygosity (HE) per breed was high in general with an overall mean of 0.76±0.04. Generally, the heterozygote deficiency (FIS) of 0.073±0.026 was relatively due to inbreeding among these cattle breeds or the occurrence of population substructure. The high values of allelic and gene diversity showed that Senegalese native cattle breeds represented an important reservoir of genetic variation. The genetic distances and clustering trees concluded that the N’Dama cattle were most distinct among the investigated cattle populations. So, the principal component analyses showed qualitatively that there was an intensive genetic admixture between the Gobra zebu and Maure zebu breeds.
Conclusions: The broad genetic diversity in Senegalese cattle breeds will allow for greater opportunities for improvement of productivity and adaptation relative to global changes. For the development of sustainable breeding and crossbreeding programs of Senegalese local breeds, effective management is needed towards genetic selection and transhumance to ensure their long-term survival.
Keywords: cattle, genetic diversity, microsatellite markers, phylogenetic analysis, Senegal.
Association of milk components with intra-mammary inflammation in Jaffrabadi buffaloes
Research (Published online: 18-08-2015)
8. Association of milk components with intra-mammary inflammation in Jaffrabadi buffaloes - T. K. Patbandha, S. Marandi, K. Ravikala, R. Pathak, B. R. Maharana and K. S. Murthy
Veterinary World, 8(8): 989-993
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.989-993
Aim: To study the alteration of major milk components such as milk fat, protein, lactose, solid not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) and their association with different degree of intra-mammary inflammation (IMI) in Jaffrabadi buffaloes.
Materials and Methods: Milk samples (n=1516) were collected from Jaffrabadi buffaloes separately from each quarter. Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS percent on the same day using milk analyzer "LACTOSCAN." Milk samples were checked for IMI by California mastitis test (CMT), and the results were expressed as negative (0), +, ++, and +++ CMT score. The traits of milk components which showed significant difference (p<0.05) between samples from inflamed and non-inflamed quarters were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to see the accuracy and degree of association with IMI.
Results: Among several milk components, milk protein and lactose percent showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between milk samples from normal and inflamed quarters. Though, during the early stage of mammary gland inflammation milk protein percent remained significantly high (p<0.05), later with an increase in the degree of severity of inflammation it did not show any difference. Milk samples from normal udder quarters had significantly higher lactose percent than inflamed quarters (p<0.05). Milk lactose percent decreased gradually with an increase in the degree of severity of inflammation. ROC analysis revealed that milk samples having lactose content below the threshold values had significantly higher chances to come from inflamed udder quarters (p<0.05). Though, the value of the area under curve (AUC) indicated that milk lactose was significantly associated with IMI (p<0.05), the accuracy was moderate (AUC=0.71-0.75).
Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that milk lactose percent gradually and significantly reduced during IMI and can be used as a marker for identification of IMI in buffaloes. However, ROC analysis further confirmed that using milk lactose IMI can be identified with moderate accuracy.
Keywords: buffaloes, intra-mammary inflammation, milk components, milk lactose.
Wednesday, 12 August 2015
Comparison of follicular dynamics, superovulatory response, and embryo recovery between estradiol based and conventional superstimulation protocol in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Research (Published online: 12-08-2015)
7. Comparison of follicular dynamics, superovulatory response, and embryo recovery between estradiol based and conventional superstimulation protocol in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) - Narinder Singh, G. S. Dhaliwal, V. S. Malik, D. Dadarwal, M. Honparkhe, S. Singhal and P. S. Brar
Veterinary World, 8(8): 983-988
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.983-988
Aim: To evaluate the follicular dynamics, superovulatory response, and embryo recovery following superstimulatory treatment initiated at estradiol-17β induced follicular wave emergence and its comparison with conventional superstimulatory protocol in buffaloes.
Materials and Methods: Six normal cycling pluriparous buffaloes, lactating, 90-180 days post-partum, and weighing between 500 and 660 kg were superstimulated twice with a withdrawal period of 35 days in between two treatments. In superstimulation protocol-1 (estradiol group) buffaloes were administered estradiol-17β (2 mg, i.m.) and eazibreed controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was inserted intravaginally (day=0) at the random stage of the estrous cycle. On the day 4, buffaloes were superstimulated using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 400 mg, divided into 10 tapering doses given at 12 hourly intervals. Prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGF2α) was administered at day 7.5 and day 8, and CIDR was removed with the second PGF2α injection. In superstimulation protocol - 2 (conventional group) buffaloes were superstimulated on the 10th day of the estrous cycle with same FSH dose regimen and similar timings for PGF2α injections. In both groups, half of the buffaloes were treated with luteinizing hormone (LH) 25 mg and other half with 100 ug buserelin; gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog at 12 h after the end of FSH treatment. All buffaloes in both protocols were inseminated twice at 12 and 24 h of LH/GnRH treatment. Daily ultrasonography was performed to record the size and number of follicles and superovulatory response.
Results: Significantly higher number of small follicles (<8 mm) was present at the time of initiation of superstimulatory treatment in the estradiol group compared to the conventional group (12.5±0.80 vs. 7.3±1.21, respectively, p=0.019), however, the number of ovulatory size follicles (≥8 mm) did not differ significantly between the respective groups (15.5±1.24 vs. 12.2±1.30; p=0.054). Total embryos and transferable embryos recovered were non-significantly higher in the estradiol group compared to the conventional group (5.83±0.86 vs. 4.67±1.16, p=0.328, and 3.67±0.93 vs. 2.67±0.68, p=0.437, respectively). The significant higher proportion of transferable embryos were recovered in buffaloes treated with LH compared to GnRH (73.3% vs. 48.5%; p=0.044).
Conclusion: The average number of ovulatory size follicles (>8 mm), corpora lutea, and transferable embryos was higher in buffaloes superstimulated at estradiol-induced follicular wave compared to the conventional protocol: Further the percentage of transferable embryos was significantly higher in buffaloes administered with LH compared to GnRH.
Keywords: buffalo, embryo, estradiol-17β, superstimulation, ovulation rate.
Results: Significantly higher number of small follicles (<8 mm) was present at the time of initiation of superstimulatory treatment in the estradiol group compared to the conventional group (12.5±0.80 vs. 7.3±1.21, respectively, p=0.019), however, the number of ovulatory size follicles (≥8 mm) did not differ significantly between the respective groups (15.5±1.24 vs. 12.2±1.30; p=0.054). Total embryos and transferable embryos recovered were non-significantly higher in the estradiol group compared to the conventional group (5.83±0.86 vs. 4.67±1.16, p=0.328, and 3.67±0.93 vs. 2.67±0.68, p=0.437, respectively). The significant higher proportion of transferable embryos were recovered in buffaloes treated with LH compared to GnRH (73.3% vs. 48.5%; p=0.044).
Conclusion: The average number of ovulatory size follicles (>8 mm), corpora lutea, and transferable embryos was higher in buffaloes superstimulated at estradiol-induced follicular wave compared to the conventional protocol: Further the percentage of transferable embryos was significantly higher in buffaloes administered with LH compared to GnRH.
Keywords: buffalo, embryo, estradiol-17β, superstimulation, ovulation rate.
Evaluation of seasonal changes of serum and plasma estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by chemiluminescence
Research (Published online: 12-08-2015)
6. Evaluation of seasonal changes of serum and plasma estradiol-17β, progesterone and testosterone in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by chemiluminescence - Santo Fragalà, Pietro Medica, Francesco Grande, Irene Vazzana and Esterina Fazio
Veterinary World, 8(8): 977-982
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.977-982
Aim: The purpose of the research was to test and validate an innovative and safe chemiluminescence method to evaluate sexual hormones in serum and plasma samples of Tursiops truncatus.
Materials and Methods: The research was performed on 9 bottlenose dolphins entertained in Oltremare and in Zoomarine aquatic parks, sampled by the tail vein or from the ventral one and an ultrasound monitoring, throughout a 6 months period. Blood samples were analyzed using a chemiluminescence method. Data obtained were compared to radioimmunoassay and enzyme immuno assay reference data, with the purpose to test and validate this method, through the calculation of the coefficient of variability, and its reliability on serum and plasma samples. A one-way analysis of variance was applied to test the effect of time on serum and plasma hormonal changes.
Results: Mean concentrations of estradiol-17β in serum were equal to 149.07±6.82 pmol/L, and in plasma equal to 159.14±12.99 pmol/L; mean values of progesterone in serum were equal to 0.69±0.05 pmol/L, and in plasma equal to 0.64±0.05 pmol/L; mean values of testosterone in serum were equal to 44.43±14.42 nmol/L, and in plasma equal to 48.99±11.20 nmol/L.
Conclusion: It would be interesting to widen the investigations on a larger number of subjects, in which the relationship between the concentrations of free and binding steroid hormones, with the dosing of binding proteins, would define the physiological ranges of reference in the T. truncatus.
Keywords: dolphin, estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone.
Microsatellite based genetic diversity study in indigenous chicken ecotypes of Karnataka
Research (Published online: 12-08-2015)
5. Microsatellite based genetic diversity study in indigenous chicken ecotypes of Karnataka - B. H. Rudresh, H. N. N. Murthy, M. R. Jayashankar, C. S. Nagaraj, A. M. Kotresh and S. M. Byregowda
Veterinary World, 8(8): 970-976
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.970-976
Aim: The current study was the first of its kind taken upon indigenous ecotypes of the Karnataka in order to unravel the diversity details at 20 chicken microsatellite regions.
Materials and Methods: 210 indigenous chicken belonging to six districts of Bangalore and Mysore division formed the target sample for the present study. The genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated by phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol method. A panel of 20 microsatellite regions, including 14 recommended by FAO and six identified from published scientific literature became the targeted chicken genomic region. 27-33 samples were successfully genotyped in each of the six ecotypes through simplex or multiplex polymerase chain reactions, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining for the selected microsatellite panel.
Results: The chickens of Ramanagara and Chamrajnagara were most distant with a Nei’s genetic distance value of 0.22. The chickens of Bangalore rural and Mysore were least distant with a value of 0.056. The Ramanagara and Chamrajnagara pair had Nei’s genetic identity value of 0.802, which is least among all pairs of ecotypes. There were five main nodes from which the six ecotypes evolved on the basis 20 microsatellite markers used in this study. This study indicates that the four ecotypes Ramnagara, Bangalore Rural, Chickaballapura and Mysore are genetically identical due to their common ancestral evolution while, Mandya and Chamrajnagara ecotypes formed a relatively different cluster due to a separate common ancestral chicken population and less number of generations since drifting from bifurcation node.
Conclusion: Twenty microsatellite markers based genetic diversity study on six indigenous ecotypes indicated lower genetic distances as well as lower FST values compared to the distinguished breeds reported. There were two main clusters, which differentiated into six ecotypes. They may differentiate into more distinct varieties if bred in isolation for a longer number of generations.
Keywords: animal genetic resources, ecotypes, microsatellites, polyacrylamide gel.
Keywords: animal genetic resources, ecotypes, microsatellites, polyacrylamide gel.
Sunday, 9 August 2015
Call for review papers - Veterinary World (www.veterinaryworld.org)
Veterinary World (www.veterinaryworld.org) has new Scopus rating for the year 2014 (released in July 2015)
SCOPUS:
SJR (Scimago Journal Rank) - 0.225,
IPP (Impact per publication) - 0.423,
SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) - 0.412
SJR (Scimago Journal Rank) - 0.225,
IPP (Impact per publication) - 0.423,
SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) - 0.412
Veterinary World has highest rating among Veterinary journals of India.
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Call for review papers - Veterinary World (www.veterinaryworld.org)
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