The distribution pattern and growth factor level in platelet-rich fibrin incorporated skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells: An in vitro study

Research (Published online: 07-10-2020)

8. The distribution pattern and growth factor level in platelet-rich fibrin incorporated skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells: An in vitro study

Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Deya Karsari, Nora Ertanti, Aristika Dinaryanti, Alexander Patera Nugraha, Purwati Purwati, Sri Agus Sudjarwo and Fedik Abdul Rantam

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2097-2103

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: A skin wound in an animal must be cared for to prevent further health issues. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have been reported to have potential in increasing the rate of wound healing. This study aimed to analyze the distribution patterns and levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in PRF incorporated with SMSCs.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a true experiment (in vitro) design with post-test only performed in the control group alone. PRF and SMSCs were extracted from the blood and skin of 16 rabbits. SMSCs were characterized using immunocytochemistry to examine clusters of differentiation for 45, 73, 90, and 105. PRF was incorporated into the SMSCs and then divided into four groups (N=32/n=8): Group A (PRF only), Group B (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 1 day), Group C (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 3 days), and Group D (PRF+SMSCs, incubated for 5 days). Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the distribution pattern of SMSCs between groups. The supernatant serum (Group A) and supernatant medium culture (Group D) were collected for the measurement of PDGF, IGF, VEGF, and TGF-β using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sandwich kit. An unpaired t-test was conducted to analyze the differences between Groups A and D (p<0.01).

Results: Group D had the most morphologically visible SMSCs attached to the PRF, with elongated and pseudopodia cells. There was a significant difference between the levels of growth factor in Groups A and D (p=0.0001; p<0.01).

Conclusion: SMSCs were able to adhere to and distribute evenly on the surface of PRF after 5 days of incubation. The PRF incorporated SMSCs contained high levels of PDGF, IGF, VEGF, and TGF- β, which may prove to have potential in enhancing wound healing.

Keywords: growth factor, platelet-rich fibrin, rabbit, skin mesenchymal stem cells.

Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in India during 2018 and 2019

Research (Published online: 05-10-2020)

7. Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in India during 2018 and 2019

G. Naresh, Kalyani Putty, Y. Narasimha Reddy and Y. Krishna Jyothi

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2092-2096

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a major disease of sheep and goats and is endemic to India. It is known to cause significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study aimed to determine the type-specific seroprevalence of BT in sheep population of India during 2018-2019.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=405) were collected from 6 months to 1 year old sheep from six districts (Nalgonda, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Warangal, and Ranga Reddy) of Telangana state, India. Group- and type-specific seroprevalence (against BT virus [BTV] serotypes BTV-1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 23, and 24) was studied by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, respectively.

Results: Results showed an overall seroprevalence of 14.81% (n=60) with the highest seroprevalence of 50% in Khammam district. Seroprevalence of BTV-1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 23, and 24 was noted as 16.66%, 11.66%, 31.66%, 11.66%, 05%, 6.66%, 16.66%, 8.33%, 13.33%, 6.66%, and 16.66%, respectively. The majority of the sera neutralized more than 1 serotype, indicating superinfection or circulation of multiple serotypes in the sampled flocks. This mixed seroprevalence was observed in 43.33% of the sera with number of BTV serotype-specific antibodies ranging from two to eight in individual animals.

Conclusion: Regular monitoring of circulating serotypes, especially in young herds, elucidates pattern of dominating serotypes in a particular area during a season. This knowledge can be applied to design appropriate vaccination strategies by including particular serotypes of virus as part of a multivalent vaccine for a particular period, in a particular area.

Keywords: Bluetongue, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum neutralization test, type-specific seroprevalence.

Cloning and expression of Toxoplasma gondii GRA-4 recombinant protein as a toxoplasmosis diagnostic kit candidate

Research (Published online: 05-10-2020)

6. Cloning and expression of Toxoplasma gondii GRA-4 recombinant protein as a toxoplasmosis diagnostic kit candidate

Muhammad Hanafiah, Teuku Zahrial Helmi, Amalia Sutriana, Dwi Priyowidodo and Fihiruddin Fihiruddin

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2085-2091

ABSTRACT

Aim: The objective of this study was to produce recombinant protein GRA-4 (rGRA-4) of a local Toxoplasma gondii isolate as a candidate for a toxoplasmosis diagnosis kit in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells using pET SUMO plasmid.

Materials and Methods: Samples used were stock T. gondii tachyzoites DNA from the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Amplified GRA-4 polymerase chain reaction product of T. gondii tachyzoite DNA was cloned in the pET-SUMO TAR cloning vector. The GRA-4 gene from T. gondii local isolate was sequenced, followed by plasmid transformation, recombinant plasmid DNA isolation, and recombinant protein expression in DE3 competent cells.

Results: The amplification product of GRA-4 T. gondii gene was 1036 bp, with 48 kDa molecular weight after expression in DE3 competent cells. An alignment of the amino acid sequence of GRA-4 from the local isolate which was cloned with GRA-4 was obtained from NCBI database and showed 99.61% homology to the predicted GRA-4 from the T. gondii Izatnagar isolate. Amino acid sequence of the predicted GRA-4 protein from local isolate was different at positions 19 and 304.

Conclusion: This research cloned rGRA-4 in pET SUMO plasmid.

Keywords: cloning, expression, GRA-4, pET-SUMO, plasmid, recombinant.

Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry: A global overview

Review (Published online: 03-10-2020)

5. Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry: A global overview

Rafael Enrique Castro-Vargas, María Paula Herrera-Sánchez, Roy Rodríguez-Hernández and Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2070-2084

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica is the most important foodborne pathogen, and it is often associated with the contamination of poultry products. Annually, Salmonella causes around 93 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths worldwide. Antimicrobial therapy is the first choice of treatment for this bacterial infection; however, antimicrobial resistance has become a problem due to the misuse of antibiotics both in human medicine and animal production. It has been predicted that by 2050, antibiotic-resistant pathogens will cause around 10 million deaths worldwide, and the WHO has suggested the need to usher in the post-antibiotic era. The purpose of this review is to discuss and update the status of Salmonella antibiotic resistance, in particular, its prevalence, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance patterns in response to critical antimicrobials used in human medicine and the poultry industry. Based on our review, the median prevalence values of Salmonella in broiler chickens, raw chicken meat, and in eggs and egg-laying hens were 40.5% ( interquartile range [IQR] 11.5-58.2%), 30% (IQR 20-43.5%), and 40% (IQR 14.2-51.5%), respectively. The most common serotype was Salmonella Enteritidis, followed by Salmonella Typhimurium. The highest antibiotic resistance levels within the poultry production chain were found for nalidixic acid and ampicillin. These findings highlight the need for government entities, poultry researchers, and producers to find ways to reduce the impact of antibiotic use in poultry, focusing especially on active surveillance and finding alternatives to antibiotics.

Keywords: antimicrobial, poultry, resistance, Salmonella.

Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens

Research (Published online: 03-10-2020)

4. Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens

Om Prakash Dinani, Pramod Kumar Tyagi, Jagbir Singh Tyagi, Subrat Kumar Bhanja and J. J. Rokade

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2062-2069

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Blood and serological parameters are indicators of the health status of the birds and influenced by the type of feed and their nutrient composition. Scanty researches are available in rice gluten meal (RGM) regarding its effect of feeding with and without enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was conducted for in vitro and in vivo investigation regarding feeding RGM without or with different enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. The in vitro study was done to determine chemical composition of RGM used in the biological trial.

Materials and Methods: A biological experiment with 384 broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding RGM as soybean replacement without or with different enzymes on carcass characteristics in broiler chicken for 42 days. Two levels of RGM were taken (15% and 17.5%). Protease, xylanase, and multienzymes supplementation under different treatments were done.

Results: The RGM feeding and enzyme supplementation or their interaction revealed no significant (p>0.05) effects on the hematological parameters and serological parameters of broiler chickens except the significant (p<0.05) effect of enzyme supplementation on serum albumin and triglyceride values. The higher albumin values were observed in xylanase and protease supplemented birds and lower triglyceride values were observed in xylanase supplemented birds.

Conclusion: Thus, it may be concluded that RGM feeding at 15% or 17.5% inclusion level with or without enzymes had no adverse effect on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.

Keywords: broiler, enzyme, hematology, rice gluten meal, serology.

Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in Russia

Research (Published online: 02-10-2020)

3. Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in Russia

Dmitry A. Makarov, Olga E. Ivanova, Sergey Yu. Karabanov, Maria A. Gergel and Anastasia V. Pomazkova

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2053-2061

Background and Aim: Commensal Escherichia coli is an important indicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals and food of animal origin. Therefore, it was recommended by the World Health Organization and OIE for inclusion in resistance surveillance programs. At the same time, the data on E. coli isolates from animals in Russia are scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the current prevalence of resistance and genetic markers of non-pathogenic commensal E. coli collected from major food-producing animals (poultry, pigs, and cows) in different regions of Russia and to compare these data with data from other countries to prioritize antimicrobials for limiting their use according to the National Action Plan.

Materials and Methods: Samples (n=306) were collected from biomaterial of chicken, turkey, cows, and pigs raised on 11 farms in the European part of Russia, Siberia, and North Caucasus. Isolates (n=306) of E. coli were tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobials from ten classes using the broth microdilution method. MICs were interpreted against EUCAST microbiological and clinical breakpoints. For data analysis and statistical processing, the AMRcloud online platform was used. The data are presented in comparison with other countries.

Results: In Russia, higher levels of microbiological and clinical resistance of E. coli to critically important antimicrobials, including colistin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, were found compared to other countries, especially in poultry: About 30% of isolates from chicken were resistant to colistin, 8% to cefotaxime, and 88% to ciprofloxacin according to EUCAST ECOFFs. Only 10% of isolates from cows were resistant to cefotaxime. About 47% of isolates of E. coli from chicken had a moderate relative resistance for ampicillin and 56% for tetracycline. For most antimicrobials, isolates from cows demonstrated a lower resistance than isolates from poultry and pigs. All tested isolates from chicken, turkey, and pigs showed a simultaneous microbiological resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. No pan-resistant isolates were found.

Conclusion: High levels of AMR of commensal E. coli from poultry, especially for critically important drugs, are a matter of concern and should be taken into account when choosing antimicrobials to be restricted for use in animal husbandry according to the National Action Plan.

Keywords: animals, antimicrobial resistance, commensal bacteria, critically important antimicrobials, Escherichia coli, multidrug resistance.

Effect of the bovine TG5 gene polymorphism on milk- and meat-producing ability

Research (Published online: 02-10-2020)

2. Effect of the bovine TG5 gene polymorphism on milk- and meat-producing ability

I. Dolmatova, T. Sedykh, F. Valitov, R. Gizatullin, D. Khaziev and A. Kharlamov

Veterinary World, 13(10): 2046-2052

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of thyroglobulin (TG5) gene polymorphism on milk and meat productivity in the various cattle breeds currently bred in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Materials and Methods: The test was performed on dairy cattle of Black-and-White, Bestuzhev, and Simmental breeds, and meat cattle of Hereford and limousine breeds. The purpose of the test was to search for associations between the polymorphic alleles of the thyroglobulin (TG5) gene and economically useful traits.

Results: All studied breeds showed a frequency predominance of the TG5C allele (from 0.56 to 0.71). A clear trend of an effect of the genotypes of the TG5 gene on milk-productivity indicators was revealed; cows with the TG5TT genotype have the highest milk yield and fat content in milk. The milk of cows of Bestuzhev and Simmental breeds that possessed this genotype was also characterized by higher protein content.

Conclusion: We identified an effect of the polymorphism of the TG5 gene in the Hereford and limousine breeds on fat metabolism intensity indicators, such as fat output and fat content, in the longissimus muscle and in the general sample of ground beef.

Keywords: alleles, dairy and meat productivity, genetic polymorphism, Hereford breed, limousine breed, thyroglobulin gene.