Evaluation on the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats (Capra hircus) in Cebu, the Philippines

Research (Published online: 11-06-2019)

7. Evaluation on the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats (Capra hircus) in Cebu, the Philippines

Adrian P. Ybañez, Orgil V. Arrabis, Dennis Justin M. Alvarez, Eloiza May S. Galon, Rhea Mae P. Jayag, Elmie S. Delan, Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez and Xuenan Xuan

Veterinary World, 12(6): 774-777

ABSTRACT

Background: Tick-borne diseases are caused by a wide variety of viruses, pathogens, and diseases. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. are among the most known tick-borne pathogens in Asia. In the Philippines, these pathogens were already reportedly present in dogs and large ruminants, but no study has been reported yet evaluating their presence in goats.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats in Cebu, the Philippines.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 blood samples from goats were collected in Cebu, the Philippines. Profile of sampled goats including age, body score, and sex was obtained. Peripheral blood smear examination and DNA extraction were performed. Nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp.

Results: None of the samples were found positive with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. infection.

Conclusion: Tested goats were negative with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. and calls for continuous surveillance of these pathogens due to the reported detection of these pathogens in other livestock animals in the area.

Keywords: Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., peripheral blood smear examination, polymerase chain reaction, tick-borne diseases.

Antigen of 49.6-kDa subunit pili protein of Helicobacter pylori as a potential biomarker for early and rapid detection of the infection

Research (Published online: 10-06-2019)

6. Antigen of 49.6-kDa subunit pili protein of Helicobacter pylori as a potential biomarker for early and rapid detection of the infection

Hamong Suharsono, Zainul Muttaqin, I Wayan Masa Tenaya, Kadek Karang Agustina and Sumarno Retro Prawiro

Veterinary World, 12(6): 769-773

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection has been identified as a major cause of peptic ulcer diseases, including gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis, chronic and gastric carcinoma, and even gastric lymphoma. In vitro studies using Western blotting analysis, hemagglutination test, adherence inhibition assays, and immunocytochemical staining revealed that the 49.6-kDa subunit pili protein of H. pylori was considered an immunogenic protein. This study aimed to develop a serological diagnostic test using 49.6 kDa for detecting antibodies against H. pylori proteins in an early phase of the infection.

Materials and Methods: An in-house immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit was developed and used to test a panel of sera sample obtained from a randomly selected symptomatic patient, in which 40 sera were H. pylori positive and 40 sera were H. pylori negative.

Results: The results showed that ICT with 49.6 kDa as an antigen was highly sensitive and specific for detecting anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies in human serum, with a high negative predictive value.

Conclusion: The developed test could be used to exclude H. pylori infection in symptomatic patients.

Keywords: 49.6-kDa pili protein, Helicobacter pylori, immunochromatographic test.

Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria

Research (Published online: 08-06-2019)

5. Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria

Kamel Miroud, Amar Benlakehal and Rachid Kaidi

Veterinary World, 12(6): 765-768

ABSTRACT

Aim: The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection both at herd and within herd and at determining risk factors that are associated with its seropositivity.

Materials and Methods: A total of 90 cows distributed over seven herds located in two North-Eastern Algerian provinces were blood sampled in order to be tested for the presence of antibodies against N. caninumusing a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results: The individual seroprevalence of N. caninum was found to be 12.22%, and six of the seven herds tested had at least one seropositive cow. The logistic regression model revealed that abortion (odds ratio [OR]=29.15) and parity (OR=7.38) were positively associated with the seropositivity of animals on an individual basis.

Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of N. caninum infection in cattle in North-Eastern Algeria. However, a widespread infection rate of 85.71% and its significant statistical association with previous abortion (OR=29.15) need further investigations.

Keywords: cows, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Neospora caninum, North-Eastern Algeria, reproduction.

The efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated vaccines of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain in protecting chickens against Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates

Research (Published online: 08-06-2019)

4. The efficacy of binary ethylenimine-inactivated vaccines of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 virulent strain in protecting chickens against Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates

Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi, I Nyoman Mantik Astawa and I Gusti Agung Arta Putra

Veterinary World, 12(6): 758-764

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to prepare binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine and to examine their ability to induce a protective antibody response in commercial chickens.

Materials and Methods: A virulent NDV field isolate Gianyar-1/AK/2014 was propagated in chicken-embryonated eggs and was then inactivated with BEI at a concentration of 4 mM. Three groups of chickens with low-level (2 log2 hemagglutination inhibition [HI] units) maternally derived antibodies against NDV were then immunized with the BEI-inactivated vaccine. A commercial live vaccine (LaSota strain) was used as positive control, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control. A challenge experiment with a virulent NDV of Tabanan-1/ARP/2017 was performed at 3 weeks post-vaccination.

Results: At 2 weeks post-immunization, the mean titers of antibodies against NDV in serum samples of chickens immunized with 0.2 mL of BEI-inactivated NDV (Group I), with live commercial NDV vaccine (Group II) and with PBS (Group III) were 3±0.94 log2 HI units, 4.9±0.99 log2 HI unit, and 0.0±0.0 HI units, respectively. At week 3 post-immunization, the mean titers of the antibodies for the three groups were 5±1.09 log2 HI units, 6.9±0.32 log2 HI units, and 0.00 HI units, respectively. The antibody titer induced by inactivated NDV Gianyar-1/AK/2014 isolates examined at 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination was still at a significantly (p<0.01) lower level as compared to those induced by commercial life vaccine. However, the challenge test with virulent NDV of Tabanan 1/ARP/2017 isolates showed that all immunized chickens (Group I and II) survived without exhibiting any clinical sign post-challenge with the protection rates of 100%, whereas all chickens injected with PBS (Group III) died with clinical signs of ND.

Conclusion: This finding shows that the BEI-inactivated vaccines prepared using virulent NDV of Gianyar-1/AK/2014 strain was able to induce protective antibody response in chickens but still at a lower level than those induce by commercial live NDV vaccine.

Keywords: genotype VII, inactivated vaccine, live vaccine, Newcastle disease virus.

Slaughterhouses sustainability analysis in special capital region of Jakarta Province, Indonesia

Research (Published online: 04-06-2019)

3. Slaughterhouses sustainability analysis in special capital region of Jakarta Province, Indonesia

H. A. Sidabalok, Macfud Macfud, N. Ramli and N. K. Pandjaitan

Veterinary World, 12(6): 748-757

ABSTRACT

Aim: The objective of this research was understanding slaughterhouses sustainability and the prospection status in special region of Jakarta Province Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: The concept of sustainable slaughterhouse was formed based on social, economy, ecology, technology, and institutional dimension. Research objects were three types of slaughterhouses in Special Capital Region of Jakarta Indonesia; pig slaughterhouse, chicken slaughterhouse, and ruminant slaughterhouse. Tools used were questionnaires to assess the perception of people living around slaughterhouses, assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice from slaughterhouse management, along with assessment and focus group discussion for sustainability test. Methods used were descriptive analysis and sustainability test by multidimensional scaling method. Data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained by field survey, interview, questionnaire, measurement of the waste threshold, and microbe contamination, whereas secondary data were obtained from slaughterhouse agency. Data were analyzed with IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS®) version 18 to calculate characteristic, variables correlation, sustainability test with Rapfish® modified into Rap slaughterhouse, and prospective analysis with PPA.

Results: The level of sustainability for pig slaughterhouse was moderately sustainable with 0.5173 index value, ruminant slaughterhouse was moderately sustainable with 0.5171 index value, and chicken slaughterhouse was moderately unsustainable with 0.4530 index value.

Conclusion: Scenario on policies that should be applied in ruminant slaughterhouse was increasing the use of waste as biogas; for chicken slaughterhouse was increasing promotion and for pig slaughterhouse was increasing product quality control. The implication of this research was to provide input based on a scientific study for the local government of Jakarta in managing the slaughterhouses.

Keywords: attitude, knowledge, practice, slaughterhouse, sustainability.

Molecular survey of zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum and genetic evidence of a putative novel Anaplasma species in goats from Taif, Saudi Arabia

Research (Published online: 03-06-2019)

8. Molecular survey of zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum and genetic evidence of a putative novel Anaplasma species in goats from Taif, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed W. Ghafar and Sayed A. M. Amer

International Journal of One Health, 5: 54-59

ABSTRACT

Aim: Genus Anaplasma is of veterinary and public health importance, and its members utilize ruminants as key hosts in their epidemiology. To date, information about the occurrence and molecular identity of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and other Anaplasma species in Saudi Arabian goats is scarce. This study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize zoonotic A. phagocytophilum and other Anaplasma spp. in goats from Taif District, KSA.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples collected from 67 goats were polymerase chain reaction tested using common and A. phagocytophilum-specific primers targeting 16S rRNA and msp4 genes, respectively. Amplicons of common reactions were purified, sequenced, and analyzed.

Results: Six goats yielded positive results with common primers, whereas all animals proved negative for A. phagocytophilum. Analysis of the two successfully sequenced amplicons revealed the presence of a variant strain of Anaplasma ovis (99.52% ID) and a new Anaplasma organism, which was clustered with Anaplasma bovis (95.9% ID) and Aegyptianella pullorum (94.99% ID) and distinctly separated from all other recognized species of the genus Anaplasma.

Conclusion: The tested goats proved negative for A. phagocytophilum; however, we could not confirm that the area is pathogen free. A variant strain of A. ovis and a putative novel Anaplasma spp. were reported raising the concern of veterinary and zoonotic potential. Other genes should be sequenced and analyzed for complete identification of the detected organisms.

Keywords: Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, goats, phylogeny, Saudi Arabia.

Epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southwest of Iran

Research (Published online: 03-06-2019)

7. Epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southwest of Iran

Mohammad Darvishi, Abedin Saghafipour, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Reza Jafari, Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati and Hossein Darabi

International Journal of One Health, 5: 49-53

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim: Zoonotic rodents (Rodentia: Muridae: Gerbillinae) and Phlebotominae sand flies are the major reservoir hosts and vectors of Leishmania major causing zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. This study was carried out to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Tangestan County, Southwest Iran.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on human cases, probable reservoirs, and vectors of CL at Tangestan County in 2017. The data of patients were taken on health centers and analyzed. To determination faunistic of sand flies, they were collected using sticky paper traps and identified using identification keys. The rodent samples were captured using Sherman live traps and determined for amastigote infection.

Results: A total of 436 cases occurred during 2005-2017 and the incidence rate of disease was 0.2-12/100,000 people. Six species of sand flies including three species of Phlebotomus and three species of Sergentomyiaincluding Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus alexandri, Sergentomyia tiberiadis, Sergentomyia baghdadis, and Sergentomyia clydei were identified. From 185 trapped rodents, 9 species were identified. We founded, 2 out of 132 Tatera indica (1.53%) were positive with Leishmania spp. using the microscopic method.

Conclusion: According to the existence of human leishmaniasis cases as a host, T. indica with high abundance and infected to Leishmania as a reservoir, and existence of P. papatasi with high abundance as a suspected vector of disease; there is a potential for transmission of disease in the area. Design of exact control and prevention strategies is highly recommended.

Keywords: cutaneous leishmaniasis, Iran, rodents, sand flies.