Efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil fly baits against the housefly (Musca domestica L.) under laboratory conditions

Research (Published online: 16-07-2018)

11. Efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil fly baits against the housefly (Musca domestica L.) under laboratory conditions

Mikhail Alekseevich Levchenko, Elena Anatol'evna Silivanova, Ruzilya Khusanovna Bikinyaeva and Galina Fedorovna Balabanova

Veterinary World, 11(7): 953-958

ABSTRACT

Background: The housefly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is permanent pests in livestock facilities. High fly density in livestock and poultry farms can increase the risks of economic loss and public health. Treatment with toxic baits is one of the methods for housefly control. However, development of resistance to insecticides makes it difficult to manage of flies. Anti-resistance strategies include the use of multiple pesticides with different modes of action.

Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the efficacy of neonicotinoid acetamiprid and phenylpyrazole fipronil, applied alone or in the mixture, against adults of M. domestica and to evaluate the efficacy of fly bait formulations containing acetamiprid and fipronil under laboratory conditions.

Materials and Methods: The adult flies, M. domestica of laboratory strain, were used in laboratory bioassays. The efficacy of acetamiprid and fipronil as technical substances, when applied alone and in the mixture, against adult flies was tested by no-choice feeding bioassays. The insecticidal efficacy of bait formulations (wet powder) with acetamiprid or fipronil or their mixture was tested against flies by choice feeding bioassays. The probit analysis was used to calculate lethal concentrations of insecticides, and the χ2 test was used to analyze the interaction between fipronil and acetamiprid in the mixture.

Results: Fipronil was more toxic to adults of M. domestica than acetamiprid in laboratory tests. Lethal concentrations for 50% mortality (95% confidence interval) of flies were 0.0159% (0.0124-0.0205) of acetamiprid and 0.000119% (0.000039- 0.0002640) of fipronil. The mixture containing fipronil at concentration 0.005% and acetamiprid at concentration 0.05% had the additive effect on fly mortality.

Conclusion: The results of laboratory feeding bioassays indicate that the mixture of fipronil and acetamiprid might have a potential to use in toxic bait formulations against houseflies.

Keywords: fly bait, housefly management, insecticide interaction, insecticide mixture.

Effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin matrix treated with silver nanoparticles in fracture healing in rabbit model

Research (Published online: 16-07-2018)

10. Effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin matrix treated with silver nanoparticles in fracture healing in rabbit model

Serwa Ibrahim Salih, Nadia H. Al-Falahi, Ali H. Saliem and Ahmed N. Abedsalih

Veterinary World, 11(7): 944-952

ABSTRACT

Aim: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) treated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on enhancing the healing of the experimentally induced bone gap in a rabbit model.

Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male local rabbits aged between 6 and 8 months, their weights between 1.5 and 2 kg were used in this study and divided randomly into four equal groups, under general anesthesia (1 cm), bone gap was induced in the tibia bone to create a critical bone defect and leave it without any treatment in the first group (control group). While in the second group the bone gap was filled with PRFM; in the third group, the gap was filled with 0.3 ml AgNPs; and in the fourth group, the gap was filled with PRFM treated with AgNPs.

Results: There was no infection at the operation site in all experimental animals, and the radiograph images showed periosteal and endosteal reaction; the gaps were bridged faster in the fourth group as compared with the other groups. The histological examination showed lamellar bone with haversian canal completely filled the fracture gap and contact with old bone in the fourth group as compared to other groups.

Conclusion: Using a combination of PRFM and single nucleotide polymorphisms together gave better acceleration in the bone healing process than using each one of them separately.

Keywords: bone gap, healing, platelet-rich fibrin matrix, silver nanoparticles.

Angiogenesis activity of Jatropha curcas L. latex in cream formulation on wound healing in mice

Research (Published online: 15-07-2018)

9. Angiogenesis activity of Jatropha curcas L. latex in cream formulation on wound healing in mice

Ummu Balqis, Darmawi, Cut Dahlia Iskandar and Muhammad Nur Salim

Veterinary World, 11(7): 939-943

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the angiogenesis activity of Jatropha curcas latex in cream formulation on CD34 immune expression during wound healing phase in mice skin.

Materials and Methods: Amount of 36 2-month-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. All mice were divided into four groups, namely the base cream as control group (A), sulfadiazine 0.1% cream (B), Jatropha curcaslatex cream 10% (C), and J. curcas latex cream 15% (D). All groups were treated entire surface of wound. All experiments were performed twice a day for 10 days. Experiments were terminated on days 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological section in immunohistochemical of the wounds. The CD34 expression was investigated under a microscope.

Results: The results showed that the cream from 10% and 15% latex J. curcas revealed moderate immune reaction to CD34 on days 3 and 7 in wound healing of mice skin.

Conclusion: We concluded that the cream from 10% and 15% latex J. curcas has potential as angiogenesis activity in wound healing of mice skin.

Keywords: angiogenesis, CD34, Jatropha curcas latex cream, wound healing.

Molecular characterization of full fusion protein (F) of Newcastle disease virus genotype VIId isolated from Egypt during 2012-2016

Research (Published online: 15-07-2018)

8. Molecular characterization of full fusion protein (F) of Newcastle disease virus genotype VIId isolated from Egypt during 2012-2016

Karim M. Selim, Abdullah Selim, Abdelsatar Arafa, Hussein A. Hussein and Ahmed A. Elsanousi

Veterinary World, 11(7): 930-938

ABSTRACT

Aim: The aim of this work was to study the sequence F gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in regard to pathotyping and genotyping and to study the evolution of this NDV in Egypt.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using samples from seven suspected NDV flocks of vaccinated chickens during 2012-2016 from six governorates in Egypt. The NDV was successfully isolated from pathological specimens through inoculation in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs.

Results: Pathogenicity of the NDV isolates has been estimated through intracerebral pathogenicity index and ranged from 1.66 to 1.73 which indicates the velogenic type of NDV isolates. Pathotyping and genotyping of these isolates were done through sequencing of full-length F gene. Results indicated that the seven NDV isolates showed characteristic cleavage site motif (112RRQKRF117) for the velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the F gene clustered these isolates within Group I of genotype VIId within Israeli strains NDV/IS/2015, NDV-Ch/SD883, and most of the Middle East strains. Six of seven sequenced isolates have six potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The neutralization epitope on the five antigenic sites of fusion is conserved in all Egyptian strains of this study except NDV-KFR-B7-2012 which has a substitution at D 170 N in epitope A4. In all our strains, 10 cysteine residues are recorded, except one loss of cysteine at residue 370 in both NDV-EG-35-2014 and NDV-GHB-328F-2016.

Conclusion: All viruses in this study have 52 amino acid substitutions within fusion gene in compared with Lasota strain that reveals importance for its antigenic and structural function. The present work highlights the important need to sequence F gene of NDV genotype VIId to investigate the evolution of this NDV in Egypt.

Keywords: cleavage site, fusion gene, heptad repeat domains.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dog

Research (Published online: 14-07-2018)

7. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dog

I Made Dwinata, Ida Bagus Made Oka, Kadek Karang Agustina and I Made Damriyasa

Veterinary World, 11(7): 926-929

Aim: The aim of this research was to identify the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dogs.

Materials and Methods: A total of 147 local Bali dog serum samples have been examined for antibodies of N. caninum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test.

Results: The results confirmed that 5 (3.4%) local Bali dogs have antibody for N. caninum. There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of Neospora infection in local Bali dogs between different genders, ages, and take care methods (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of N. caninum infection in local Bali dogs and thus the risk to Bali cattle and dog health.

Keywords: local Bali dog, Neospora caninum, seroprevalence.

Morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus contortus exposed to Gigantochloa apus crude aqueous extract

Research (Published online: 14-07-2018)

6. Morphology and morphometry of Haemonchus contortus exposed to Gigantochloa apus crude aqueous extract

Budi Purwo Widiarso, Kurniasih Kurniasih, Joko Prastowo and Wisnu Nurcahyo

Veterinary World, 11(7): 921-925

ABSTRACT

Aim: Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic nematode infesting the digestive tract of goats and sheep worldwide leading to a tremendous loss in a variety of routes. Economic losses due to haemonchosis in subtropic and tropic areas are usually caused by poor weight gain, minimized growth, loss of production, and mortality. The prevalence of haemonchosis in Indonesia is 89.4% in goat, and annual loss achieved 1 million US dollars. This study evaluated in vitro effects of Gigantochloa apus crude aqueous extract as an anthelmintic on H. contortus morphology and morphometry.

Materials and Methods: Bligon goats which are naturally infected were collected from slaughtered goat from local slaughterhouses, namely Besi Sleman. Bligon goat's abomasum part was carefully examined and transported to the Parasitology Laboratory, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. H. contortus was obtained from 4 to 6-month-old female goat from slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta area. H. contortus was collected from abomasum and put into a Petri dish containing 0.62% water saline. The number of H. contortus used for each concentration is 25. H. contortus was soaked in each concentration for 4 h. The figure of the parasites or parts of parasites was captured using camera Lucida, and they were measured using both objective micrometer and objective ocular micrometer. All the capturing processes were done with the help of Olympus Digital Camera under Olympus CX21 microscopic. Parasite morphology was identified in morphological and morphometric characters.

Results: Morphology of H. contortus revealed the cervical papillae bulge appears unclear shape and anterior end is more tapered. Vulvar flab control is not tapered, but vulvar flab which gets aware of G. apus crude aqueous extract looks more pointed. The gubernaculum appears irregular compared to gubernaculum control which tends to be more compact, and the posterior end form appears irregular more than posterior end control. Morphometry study of H. contortus indicates that it has a significant difference for body length, body width, cervical papillae, and spicule length in the male.

Conclusion: G. apus crude aqueous extract activity revealed morphology change such as cervical papillae, vulvar flab, gubernaculum, posterior end, and reduced morphometry measurement of H. contortus adult worms, notably in body length, body width, cervical papillae width, gubernaculum, and spicule length in males and body length, body width, cervical papillae width, and vulva length in females.

Keywords: bligon goat, crude aqueous extract, Haemonchus contortus, morphology, morphometry.

Comparison of rose bengal plate test, serum agglutination test, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brucellosis detection for human and goat samples

Research (Published online: 11-07-2018)

6. Comparison of rose bengal plate test, serum agglutination test, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brucellosis detection for human and goat samples

Ipola Patrick Albert, Charles Drago Kato, Kokas Ikwap, Steven Kakooza, Benson Ngolobe, Dickson Ndoboli and Gabriel Tumwine

International Journal of One Health, 4: 35-39

ABSTRACT

Background: In Uganda, detection of brucellosis in goats and humans is more frequently done using rose bengal plate test (RBPT) in comparison to other serological tests such as serum agglutination test (SAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA).

Aim: This study aimed at estimating the degree of agreement, specificity and sensitivity of RBPT, SAT, and ELISA in brucellosis detection in human and goat samples.

Materials and Methods: An analytical study was conducted involving parallel testing of 425 goat samples and 177 human samples to compare RBPT, SAT, and i-ELISA tests of brucellosis detection.

Results: A seroprevalence of 14.82% in animals and 11.86% in humans was detected using RBPT, 7.06% in goats and 5.09% in humans using SAT, and 6.35% in humans and 4.52% in animals using i-ELISA. The degree of agreement between the three tests in humans and animals was compared using Fleiss' kappa statistics where a moderate agreement (MA) was obtained for both with kappa value 0.57 in animals and 0.51 in humans and p<0.001. Kappa values in animals were 0.52 (MA) for RBPT and i-ELISA, 0.61 (MA) for RBPT and SAT, and 0.82 substantial agreement (SA) for SAT and i-ELISA. The kappa values in humans were 0.52 (MA) for RBPT and i-ELISA, 0.57 (MA) for RBPT and SAT, and 0.82 (SA) for SAT and i-ELISA, respectively. The study revealed a significant agreement in the tests for all the three tests, but there was SA between SAT and i-ELISA in both animal and human samples. Sensitivity and specificity of RBT and SAT were estimated using i-ELISA as a gold standard as follows, in goats RBPT: 100 and 91% and SAT: 100 and 99%, respectively, and in humans RBPT: 100 and 92% and SAT: 88 and 99%, respectively.

Conclusion: It appears that RBPT is good as a screening test, whereas SAT and i-ELISA are good for diagnosis purposes or confirmatory test.

Keywords: brucellosis, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rose bengal plate test, serum agglutination test, Uganda.