Single nucleotide markers of D-loop for identification of Indian wild pig (Sus scrofa cristatus)

Research (Published online: 24-04-2015)

19. Single nucleotide markers of D-loop for identification of Indian wild pig (Sus scrofa cristatus) - Gaurav Kumar Srivastava, Nidhi Rajput, Kajal Kumar Jadav, Avadh Bihari Shrivastav and Himanshu R. Joshi

Veterinary World, 8(4): 532-536

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.532-536

Abstract

---

Aim: Partial fragment of D-loop region extending from 35 to 770 were compared with corresponding sequences of 16 wild pigs and 9 domestic pig breeds from different parts of the world for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the region. The paper also reappraises SNP markers from two fragments of cytochrome b gene and a fragment 12S rRNA gene distinguishing the Indian wild pig from other pig species of the world.

Materials and Methods: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 14 and 12 tissue samples of Indian wild and domestic pigs, respectively, collected from Central India for characterization of the D-loop DNA sequences using universal primers. The sequences obtained were aligned along with the retrieved sequences to analyze species-specific SNP marker.

Results: A total of 58 mitochondrial D-loop gene sequences of pig races were aligned to identify 1349 polymorphic sites in the fragment from nucleotide positions 35-770 bp and four SNP markers were identified to differentiate Indian wild pig from all the sequences investigated in this study. With the inclusion of cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA gene fragments, the present study contributes to the total 15 SNP markers, which have been identified in the mitochondrial fragment of 1936 bp for identification of Indian wild pig.

Conclusion: SNP markers have advantages over other marker types and do not require subsequent standardization to compare data across studies or laboratories.

Keywords: D-loop, Indian wild pig, single nucleotide markers, species identification.

Genetic characterization of Gaddi goat breed of Western Himalayas using microsatellite markers

Research (Published online: 22-04-2015)

18. Genetic characterization of Gaddi goat breed of Western Himalayas using microsatellite markers - Gurdeep Singh, Yashpal Thakur, Amitoz Kour, Varun Sankhyan and Sanjeet Katoch

Veterinary World, 8(4): 527-531

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.527-531

Abstract

---

Aim: In the present study, genetic characterization of Gaddi goat breed, a native to north temperate western Himalayan region of India, was carried out for the purpose of breed characterization and assessing existing intra-population genetic diversity.

Materials and Methods: Totally, 75 blood samples procured at random from genetically unrelated animals of two sexes and different age groups and true to breed type were collected from different locations in the breeding tract of these goats in Himachal Pradesh, of which only 51 samples with desired quantity and quality were subjected to further processing for DNA isolation. The multi-locus genotype data were generated on 51 Gaddi goats sampled across different regions of the breeding tract in Himachal Pradesh using 15 FAO recommended goat specific microsatellite markers, which gave amplification and observed and effective number of alleles, gene frequency, observed and expected heterozygosity were estimated through PopGene software (1.3.1).

Results: A total of 135 distinct alleles were observed with mean observed and effective number of alleles as 9.0000±0.82 and 6.5874±0.56 respectively across all 15 studied loci. The maximum (15) alleles were contributed by loci DRBP1 and P19/DYA and the least (5) by SRCRSP5. The mean heterozygosity was observed to be 0.8347±0.01 ranging from 0.7584 (SRCRSP5) to 0.9156 (P19-DYA) across all loci. The mean observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities across all loci were 0.7484±0.02 and 0.8431±0.01 respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.7148 (SRCPS5) to 0.909 (P19-DYA) with mean PIC of 0.8105±0.01 in the present study. The average heterozygosity was observed to be 0.8347±0.01 ranging from 0.7584 (SRCRSP5) to 0.9156 P19 (DYA) across all loci.

Conclusion: Microsatellite analysis revealed high level of polymorphism across studied microsatellite markers and informativeness of the markers for genetic diversity analysis studies in Gaddi goats. This high level of polymorphism can be utilized to plan future association studies to exploit the uniqueness and adaptability of indigenous Gaddi goat breed of Western Himalayas. Most studied microsatellite markers had desired neutrality, thus proving to be good candidates for genetic characterization and diversity analysis in Gaddi breed of goats also.

Keywords: characterization, Gaddi goat, microsatellite markers, Western Himalayas.

Utility of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test in detecting canine parvovirus infection compared with polymerase chain reaction

Research (Published online: 21-04-2015)

17. Utility of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test in detecting canine parvovirus infection compared with polymerase chain reaction- Sundaran S. Tinky, R. Ambily, Sreeja R. Nair and Mangattumuruppel Mini

Veterinary World, 8(4): 523-526

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.523-526

Abstract

---

Aim: The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in fecal samples of diarrheic dogs by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatographic (IC) strip test and to compare the diagnostic potential of these tests.

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 fecal samples collected from diarrheic dogs suspected for CPV infection were subjected to PCR using CPV-555 primer amplifying the gene coding for the VP1 protein. These samples were also tested by IC strip test using a commercial rapid Ag test kit. The results were statistically analyzed using McNemar test.

Results: A total of 22 samples (44%) were detected as positive by PCR, which yielded a specific amplicon of 583 bp. In IC strip test, 18 (36%) samples were found to be positive. The sensitivity of the test as compared to PCR was found to be 72.22% and specificity was 92.86%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IC strip test was found to be 88.89% and 81.25%, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results of PCR and IC assay using McNemar test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The IC strip test could be employed as a rapid field level diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of canine parvoviral diarrhea.

Keywords: canine parvoviral diarrhea, immunochromatographic strip test, polymerase chain reaction.

Optimizing age of bull at first use in relation to fertility of Murrah breeding bulls

Research (Published online: 21-04-2015)

16. Optimizing age of bull at first use in relation to fertility of Murrah breeding bulls - M. A. Mir, A. K. Chakravarty, A. K. Gupta, B. C. Naha, V. Jamuna, C. S. Patil and A. P. Singh

Veterinary World, 8(4): 518-522

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.518-522

Abstract

---

Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to optimize the age at first use (AAFU) of semen of Murrah breeding bulls, which will help in early selection of bulls under progeny testing program for improving the reproductive performance in the herd.

Materials and Methods: The data on AAFU, conception rate based on first A.I. (CRFAI), overall conception rate (OCR), and birth weight (B.WT) of 57 Murrah bulls during 1993-2014 at NDRI center pertaining to 14 sets of Network Project on Buffalo Improvement at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India were adjusted for significant environmental influences and subsequently analyzed. Simple and multiple regression models were used for prediction of CRFAI and OCR of Murrah breeding bulls. Comparative evaluation of three developed models (I-III) showed that Model III, having AAFU and B.WT, fulfill the accuracy of model as revealed by high coefficient of determination, low mean sum of squares due to error, low conceptual predictive value, and low Bayesian information criterion.

Results: The results revealed that the average predicted CRFAI was highest (39.95%) at <3.5 years and lowest (34.87%) at >4.5 years of age at first A.I/use. Similarly, average predicted OCR was highest (41.05%) at <3.5 years and lowest (39.42%) at >4.5 years of age at first A.I/use of Murrah bulls.

Conclusion: In organized herd under progeny testing program, Murrah bulls should be used at young age, i.e. prior to 3.5 years, which is expected to result in 5.08% better CRFAI and 1.63% better OCR in comparison to Murrah bulls used after 4.5 years of age.

Keywords: age at first use, conception rate based on first A.I., Murrah bull, overall conception rate.

Hemato-biochemical and hormonal profiles in post-partum water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Research (Published online: 19-04-2015)

15. Hemato-biochemical and hormonal profiles in post-partum water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) - Sunil Kumar, A. K. Balhara, Rajesh Kumar, Naresh Kumar, Lukumoni Buragohain, Daoharu Baro, R. K. Sharma, S. K. Phulia and Inderjeet Singh

Veterinary World, 8(4): 512-517

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.512-517

Abstract

---

Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare serum as well as follicular fluid (FF) biochemical and hormonal profiles along with hematological parameters in postpartum estrus, anestrus, and cystic buffaloes.

Materials and Methods: Postpartum buffaloes were selected in three different groups (within 40-60 days of parturition at estrus-Group-I, postpartum >90 days at anestrum-Group-II, and postpartum cystic buffaloes in Group III). The animals selected were examined for follicular wave dynamics by routine trans-rectal ultrasonography and FF was collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pick up technique. All hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by automatic analyzers while hormonal profiles analyzed by commercially available ELISA kits.

Results: In the present investigation, estrum and anestrum animal differ significantly in hemoglobin levels. Serum estradiol differs significantly in estrus and anestrus while no significant difference in progesterone concentration was noted among all three stages. The results of our study suggest that significant higher increase in total protein (TP), calcium and glucose values in estrum while urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase significantly higher in anestrum animals.

Conclusion: The conclusion of the present study is that TP and albumin, calcium, urea, glucose affects oocyte development and quality.

Keywords: biochemical, buffalo, follicular fluid, hematology, ovum pick up.

Pharmacokinetic interaction of curcumin and glibenclamide in diabetic rats

Research (Published online: 19-04-2015)

14. Pharmacokinetic interaction of curcumin and glibenclamide in diabetic rats - P. R. Sakunthala Devi, A. Gopala Reddy, G. S. Rao, C. S. V. Satish Kumar and G. Boobalan

Veterinary World, 8(4): 508-511

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.508-511

Abstract

---

Aim: The aim was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of curcumin and glibenclamide (GL) in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats induced with diabetes were divided into 2 groups of six rats in each. Group I: GL (6 mg/kg po once daily) treatment in diabetic rats and group 2: Curcumin (50 mg/Kg po once daily) + GL (dose as above) in diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected at pre-determined time intervals for kinetic analysis after the first and last oral dosing of GL for single and multiple dose studies, respectively. Plasma samples were assayed for GL concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography and PK parameters were analyzed.

Results: The half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) of GL were significantly increased in curcumin pre-treated rats as compared to GL alone in single and multiple dose studies. Similarly, the Vdss was significantly increased in curcumin pre-treated rats in single dose study as compared to GL alone treated group, but no significant difference was observed in multiple dose kinetics.

Conclusion: The study revealed higher values (t1/2, MRT and Vdss) of GL in curcumin pre-treated group due to the inhibitory effect of curcumin on intestinal CYP3A4.

Key words: curcumin, glibenclamide, pharmacokinetics, CYP3A4

Clinico-hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with liver cirrhosis

Research (Published online: 12-04-2015)

10. Clinico-hemato-biochemical profile of dogs with liver cirrhosis - M. A. Elhiblu, K. Dua, J. Mohindroo, S. K. Mahajan, N. K. Sood and P. S. Dhaliwal

Veterinary World, 8(4): 487-491

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.487-491

Abstract

---

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relevant tools in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in dogs.

Material and Methods: A total of 140 dogs presented at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, showing clinical signs of hepatic insufficiency were subjected to clinico-hemato biochemical, urological, ultrasonographic (USG), and USG guided fine-needle biopsy examinations by standard methods. On the basis of these results, 6 dogs out of 140 dogs were found to be suffering from liver cirrhosis. Six clinically healthy dogs constituted the control group.

Results: The dogs suffering from liver cirrhosis manifested inappetence, halitosis, abdominal distension, weight loss, melena, icterus, anemia, and neutrophilic leukocytosis with the left shift. Levels of hemoglobin, lymphocytes, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and platelet count were significantly lower in liver cirrhosis group than control group while total leukocyte count, neutrophils, and MCH concentration were significantly higher. Glucose, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, and fibrinogen were significantly lower, and creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and APTT were significantly higher than the control values. Ultrasound revealed diffuse increase in echogenicity with rounded and irregular liver margins. Cytological examination of the ascitic fluid and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver was not fruitful in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.

Conclusions: Liver cirrhosis causes clinical and hemo-biochemical alterations, which require special consideration when treating diseased animals. USG, diffuse increase in echogenicity of liver, rounding and irregularity of liver margins and microhepatica were the consistent findings. It is suggested that USG along with hemo-biochemical alterations may be used as a diagnostic tool for liver cirrhosis in dogs.

Keywords: biochemistry, coagulation profile, dogs, hematology, liver cirrhosis, ultrasonography.