Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate - xylazine - propofol anesthesia in buffalo calves

Research (Published online: 04-03-2015)

2. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate - xylazine - propofol anesthesia in buffalo calves - Sandeep Potliya, Ashok Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Sukhbir Singh and Sarvan Kumar

Veterinary World, 8(3): 251-256

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.251-256

Abstract

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Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate - xylazine - propofol anesthesia in buffalo calves.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on six clinically healthy male buffalo calves, 6-12 months of age, and weighing between 130 and 170 kg. In all the animals; glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg, IM), xylazine (0.1 mg/kg, IM) and 1% propofol as single bolus (1.5 mg/kg, intravenous), were administered. The parameters observed included behavioral changes, physiological; hematological and blood biochemical parameters.

Results: Muzzle and nostrils became dry in all the animals after glycopyrrolate administration. A decrease in spontaneous activity and mild cutaneous analgesia was noticed after xylazine administration. After administration of propofol, loss of swallowing reflex, palpebral reflex, corneal reflexes, periosteal reflex and complete analgesia was observed. There was no significant change in rectal temperature and heart rate. However, heart rate remained elevated during anesthesia. Respiratory rate decreased significantly after propofol administration. There was a significant increase in plasma glucose after the xylazine and propofol administration which remained elevated till recovery. A significant decrease in chloride level was seen after propofol administration.

Conclusions: Glycopyrrolate - xylazine - propofol anesthetic combination may safely be used for short duration anesthesia in buffalo calves.

Keywords: buffalo calves, propofol, xylazine, glycopyrrolate.

Pock forming ability of fowl pox virus isolated from layer chicken and its adaptation in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture

Research (Published online: 04-03-2015)

1. Pock forming ability of fowl pox virus isolated from layer chicken and its adaptation in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture - Varsha Rani Gilhare, S. D. Hirpurkar, Ashish Kumar, Surendra Kumar Naik and Tarini Sahu

Veterinary World, 8(3): 245-250

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.245-250

Abstract

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Aim: The objective of the present study was to examine pock forming ability of field strain and vaccine strain of fowl pox virus (FPV) in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs and its adaptation in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture.

Materials and Methods: Dry scabs were collected from 25 affected birds in glycerin-saline and preserved at 4°C until processed. Virus was isolated in 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs by dropped CAM method. The identity of the virus is confirmed by clinical findings of affected birds, pock morphology and histopathology of infected CAM. In addition one field isolate and vaccine strain of FPV was adapted to CEF cell culture. CEF cell culture was prepared from 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs.

Result: Clinical symptoms observed in affected birds include pox lesion on comb, wattle, eyelids and legs, no internal lesions were observed. All field isolates produced similar findings in CAM. Pocks produced by field isolates ranged from 3 mm to 5 mm at the third passage while initial passages edematous thickening and necrosis of CAM was observed. Pocks formed by lyophilized strain were ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm in diameter scattered all over the membrane at the first passage. Intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found on histopathology of CAM. At third passage level, the CEF inoculated with FPV showed characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) included aggregation of cells, syncytia and plaque formation.

Conclusion: FPV field isolates and vaccine strain produced distinct pock lesions on CAMs. Infected CAM showed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The CEF inoculated with FPV field isolate as well as a vaccine strain showed characteristic CPE at third passage level.

Keywords: chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture, chorioallantoic membrane, embryonated egg, fowl pox virus.

Studies on incidence and evaluation of the closed medial patellar desmotomy in lateral recumbency in bovines

Research (Published online: 23-02-2015)

17. Studies on incidence and evaluation of the closed medial patellar desmotomy in lateral recumbency in bovines - Ajit Kumar Singh, A. K. Gangwar, Kh. Sangeeta Devi and H. N. Singh

Veterinary World, 8(2): 221-224

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.221-224

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was conducted to find out the incidence and to evaluate the effectiveness of medial patellar desmotomy (MPD) in lateral recumbency in bovines.

Material and Methods: One hundred and fifteen clinical cases of upward fixation of the patella in cattle and buffaloes were treated by closed MPD in lateral recumbency. Probable etiologies, symptoms and site of surgery including disease occurrence with respect to species, sex and season were also recorded.

Results: In the present study, the highest incidence was reported in bullocks. A high success rate was obtained with the closed method in lateral recumbency.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the bullocks were more prone to upward fixation of patella and symptoms were exaggerated in winter season. Closed method of MPD was more suited in both cattle and buffaloes.

Keywords: bovines, desmotomy, incidence, recumbency.

Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and Leptospira hardjo in cattle

Research (Published online: 23-02-2015)

16. Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and Leptospira hardjo in cattle - S. Jegaveera Pandian, Pradeep Kumar Ray, P. C. Chandran and Manoj Kumar

Veterinary World, 8(2): 217-220

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.217-220

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Abstract

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Aim: The aim was to assess the seroprevalence of B. abortus and Leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of Bihar, this work was carried out.

Materials and Methods: Randomly selected 450 cattle from nine districts of Bihar were serologically screened for antibodies against L. hardjo and B. abortus. DAS-ELISA for leptospira and AB-ELISA for brucella were carried out. Based on the results prevalence in each district and the state are reported herewith.

Results: In this study, it was found that the seroprevalence of L. hardjo was 9.11% and that of B. abortus was 12.2% in Bihar. Indigenous cattle were found to be less susceptible to leptospirosis and brucellosis even though they accounted for 83.11% of the study population.

Conclusion: Although there was no acute disease, antibodies detected against L. hardjo and B. abortus in the cattle population indicated the presence of chronic and subclinical infection, which could challenge the fertility of the animals.

Keywords: brucellosis, cattle, infertility, leptospirosis, seroprevalence.

Effects of β-mercaptoethanol on in vitro maturation and glutathione level of buffalo oocytes

Research (Published online: 23-02-2015)

15. Effects of β-mercaptoethanol on in vitro maturation and glutathione level of buffalo oocytes - Pankaj A. Patel, Sandhya S. Chaudhary, Gopal Puri, Virendra Kumar Singh and Arjun B. Odedara

Veterinary World, 8(2): 213-216

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.213-216

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) on in vitro maturation rate and glutathione (GSH) level of buffalo oocytes.

Materials and Methods: Oocytes were recovered from buffalo’s ovaries collected from government approved slaughter house (near Kamela darwaza, Surat) of Surat Municipal Corporation. The obtained oocytes were in vitro matured in maturation media supplemented with 0 μM (117 oocytes), 100 μM (46 oocytes) and 200 μM (42 oocytes) concentration of β-ME. After 24 h of incubation, maturation rate of oocytes and intra-cellular GSH level were determined.

Results: The results showed that the presence of β-ME did not influence (p>0.05) the oocyte maturation rate. However, GSH level increased significantly (p<0.05) in matured oocytes when supplemented with 100 μM and 200 μM β-ME (6.19±0.10 and 6.37±0.20 pmol/oocyte) as compared to control media (4.68±0.26 pmol/oocyte).

Conclusion: It was concluded that β-ME may have a potential to increase the meiotic maturation of in vitro cultured oocytes and protect it from oxidative damage.

Keywords: buffalo oocytes, in vitro maturation, β-mercaptoethanol, glutathione.

Ultrasonographic assessment of the equine palmar tendons

Research (Published online: 21-02-2015)

14. Ultrasonographic assessment of the equine palmar tendons - N. R. Padaliya, J. J. Ranpariya, Dharmendra Kumar, C. B. Javia and D. R. Barvalia

Veterinary World, 8(2): 208-212

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.208-212

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the equine palmar tendon by ultrasonography (USG) in standing the position.

Materials and Methods: USG of palmar tendons was performed in 40 adult horses using linear transducer having frequency of 10-18 MHz (e-soate, My Lab FIVE) and L52 linear array transducer (Titan, SonoSite) with frequencies ranging from 8 to 10 MHz. Palmar tendon was divided into 7 levels from distal to accessory carpal bone up to ergot in transverse scanning and 3 levels in longitudinal scanning.

Results: The USG evaluation was very useful for diagnosis of affections of the conditions such as chronic bowed tendon, suspensory ligament desmitis, carpal sheath tenosynovitis and digital sheath effusions. The mean cross-sectional area (cm2) of affected tendons was significantly increased in affected than normal tendons. The echogenicity was also found reduced in affected tendons and ligaments along with disorganization of fiber alignment depending on the severity of lesion and injury.

Conclusion: USG proved ideal diagnostic tool for diagnosis and post-treatment healing assessment of tendon injuries in horses.

Keywords: cross-sectional area, deep digital flexor tendon, horses, superficial digital flexor tendon, tendon, ultrasonography.

Rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor

Research (Published online: 21-02-2015)

13. Rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor - Debashis Roy, S. K. Tomar and Vinod Kumar

Veterinary World, 8(2): 203-207

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.203-207

Abstract

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Aim: The present study was conducted to examine the rumen modulatory effect of thyme, clove and peppermint oils on rumen fermentation pattern in vitro using roughage based diet.

Materials and Methods: Thyme, clove and peppermint oils were tested at concentration of 0, 30, 300 and 600 mg/l (ppm) of total culture fluid using in vitro gas production technique in wheat straw based diet (concentrate: Wheat straw 50:50). Different in vitroparameters e.g., total gas production, methane production, nutrient degradability, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and ammonia nitrogen concentration were studied using buffalo rumen liquor.

Results: Thyme oil at higher dose level (600 ppm) reduced (p<0.05) total gas production, feed degradability and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration whereas total VFA concentration was significantly lower (p>0.05) in 300 and 600 ppm dose levels. 600 ppm dose level of clove oil reduced (p<0.05) total gas production, feed degradability, total VFA and acetate to propionate ratio. Methane production was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in 300 and 600 ppm dose levels of clove and peppermint oil.

Conclusion: Right combination of these essential oils may prove to enhance performance of animals by reducing methane production and inhibiting protein degradation in rumen.

Keywords: ammonia nitrogen, essential oil, rumen fermentation, methane, wheat straw.