Toxicopathological changes on Wistar rat after multiple exposures to acetamiprid

Research (Published online: 09-12-2014)

5. Toxicopathological changes on Wistar rat after multiple exposures to acetamiprid - S. Mondal, R. C. Ghosh, S.S. Karnam and Kamal Purohit

Veterinary World, 7(12): 1058-1065

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1058-1065

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Abstract

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Aim: To see the toxicopathological changes after multiple exposure to acetamiprid (ACP) and also to obtain more information regarding the manner in which ACP acts at cellular level.

Materials and Methods: A subacute toxicity study of ACP was undertaken in 72 female Wistar rats in four groups (18 each). Three different concentrations of ACP (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight) were administered orally to rats. Untreated rats served as control. Different plasma enzyme and analytes were measured. Gross and histopathological observations were noted in this experiment.

Result: There was a significant increase in the plasma enzymes tested in this experiment. There was a significant decrease in plasma glucose, cholesterol and low-density lipid. Necrotic and degenerative changes were observed in vital organs.

Conclusion: It is observed that ACP has the toxic potential (on liver, kidney, heart, ovary and brain) at sub lethal doses.

Keywords: acetamiprid, histopathology, Wistar rat.

Effect of balanced concentrate ration on the performance and hematobiochemical profile of lactating native ewes and lambs in coastal Odisha

Research (Published online: 08-12-2014)

4. Effect of balanced concentrate ration on the performance and hematobiochemical profile of lactating native ewes and lambs in coastal Odisha - Sasanka Sekhar Beura, Chitta Ranjan Pradhan, Bhagirathi Panigrahi, Chiranjib Sahoo, Abhishek Sahoo and Biswadeep Jena

Veterinary World, 7(12): 1047-1057

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1047-1057

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of balanced concentrate ration during lactation on the growth performance, blood and metabolic profiles of native ewes and lambs in coastal Odisha.

Materials and Methods: A total of 40 numbers of lactating ewes of the same parity comprised the experimental animals. The selected ewes were randomly assigned to two groups of twenty each, maintaining uniformity in body weight (13.36±0.33 kg for Group 1 and 13.48±0.37 kg for Group 2). Group 1 was maintained on grazing only while Group 2 was supplemented with a balanced concentrate mixture @ 200 g/head/day during the first 2 months of lactation. The concentrate was fed individually in separate containers in the morning hours before the animals were taken out for grazing.

Results: The ewes in Group 2 registered higher body weights at every fortnight. The differences were found to be highly significant (p<0.01) from 2nd to 5th fortnight and significant (p<0.05) for the remaining fortnights. The ewes in Group 2 showed significantly (p<0.01) higher daily gains than those in Group 1 at every fortnight. The hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) and total leukocyte count (TLC) values were significant (p<0.05) between groups at the end of 4th fortnight after lambing and the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values is significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group 2 over Group 1.

Conclusion: It was concluded that supplementation of a balanced concentrate mixture (crude protein 18.21%) @ 200 g/ewe/day along with grazing during the first 2 months of lactation resulted in higher ewe body weight gain. It improved their hematological and metabolic profiles and also resulted in higher body weight gain in lambs born to these supplemented ewes.

Keywords: body weight, concentrate, ewe, lamb, Odisha

Effect of dietary phytoestrogens, feed restriction, and their interaction on reproductive status of broiler pullets

Research (Published online: 08-12-2014)

3. Effect of dietary phytoestrogens, feed restriction, and their interaction on reproductive status of broiler pullets - A. D. Madnurkar, A. S. Shinde, L. Chouhan, V. Singh, J. Mohan and R. P. Moudgal

Veterinary World, 7(12): 1041-1046

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1041-1046

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Abstract

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Background and Aim: A major problem faced by the broiler industry around the world is a lowered reproductive fitness of breeding hens which can cause major economic impact in terms of lowered hatchable egg production. In broiler breeders, a lot of the selection pressure has been exerted on growth, conformation and feed efficiency as a result broiler breeder hens are prone to several metabolic disorders and reproductive anomalies. Present study was conducted to assess the effect of phytoestrogen, feed restrictions (75% of their control ad libitum), and their interaction on reproductive parameters in high and low body weight broiler breeder hens.

Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-eight healthy female broiler breeder pullets were divided randomly into eight groups from the same hatch and strain. They were transferred to individual laying cages. Birds received ad libitum drinking water and feeding, depend on divided group i.e., ad libitum or restricted feeding (75% of control ad libitum) counterpart separately for heavy or low body weight till first egg laid in respective groups. Experimental diets made with practical feed ingredients as per institution recommendation (broiler breeder ration) as per experimental planning.

Results: Phytoestrogen significantly (p<0.05) improved egg number and size in broiler breeding hens by checking reproductive anomalies (internal laying, double hierarchy, and follicular atresia), restructuring ovarian, and oviductal functional development besides improved physiological maturation of infundibulum. Unlike phytoestrogen, feed restriction as expected delayed the age of sexual maturity but helped in a reduction of ovary weight, number of yellow follicle, number of atretic yellow follicle, incidence of double hierarchy, and internal ovulation. Interaction between phytoestrogen and feed restriction did not give any additional remunerative advantage.

Conclusions: It is concluded that phytoestrogens and limited feed restriction likely to improve reproductive efficiency around age of sexual maturity by overcoming the reproductive anomalies and modulating the ovarian and oviduct maturation favorably in broiler breeder hen.

Keywords: broiler breeder, feed restriction, phytoestrogen, reproductive parameters.

Cluster of differentiation 14 gene polymorphism and its association with incidence of clinical mastitis in Karan fries cattle

Research (Published online: 04-12-2014)

2. Cluster of differentiation 14 gene polymorphism and its association with incidence of clinical mastitis in Karan fries cattle -

A. Sakthivel Selvan, I. D. Gupta, A. Verma, M. V. Chaudhari and V. Kumar

Veterinary World, 7(12): 1037-1040

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1037-1040

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was undertaken with the objectives to characterize, identify DNA polymorphism in cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) gene in Karan Fries (KF) cattle and to analyze association between genetic variants with incidence of clinical mastitis in National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) herd, Karnal.

Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted using blood of randomly selected hundred KF lactating cattle by phenol-chloroform method. After checking its quality and quantity, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using reported primers to amplify 832 base pair region covering nucleotide base position number 1012 to 1843 (part of promoter, 5’UTR, exon 1, intron 1 and part of exon 2) of bovine CD14 gene. The PCR amplified target product was purified, sequenced and further ClustalW analysis was done to align edited sequence with reported Bos taurus sequence (EU148610.1). The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed for each KF cow using HinfI restriction enzyme (RE). Cows were assigned genotypes obtained by PCR-RFLP analysis and association study was done using Chi-square (χ2) test.

Results: After PCR amplification, DNA sequencing of amplicon confirmed the 832 bases covering 1012 to 1843 nucleotide base position of bovine CD14 gene. ClustalW multiple sequence alignment program for DNA revealed six nucleotide changes in KF cows at positions T1117D, T1239G, T1291C, G1359C, G1361A, and G1811A. Cows were also screened using PCR-RFLP with HinfI RE, which revealed three genotypes CC, CD and DD that differed significantly regarding mastitis incidence. Within CC genotype, 72.73% of cows were in a mastitis non-affected group whereas, those in CD and DD genotypes 69.44% and 60.38% respectively were mastitis affected.

Conclusion: KF cows with allele C of CD14 gene were less susceptibility to mastitis compared with D allele.

Keywords: cluster of differentiation 14, Hinf1, Karan Fries, mastitis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Histoenzymatic studies on prenatal development of submandibular salivary gland in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Research (Published online: 04-12-2014)

1. Histoenzymatic studies on prenatal development of submandibular salivary gland in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - A. D. Singh and Opinder Singh

Veterinary World, 7(12): 1032-1036

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1032-1036

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was aimed at elucidating the distribution of various enzymes in the submandibular salivary gland of buffalo during prenatal development and correlation of these enzyme systems with the secretory activity of the gland.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on submandibular salivary gland of 15 buffalo fetuses ranging from 11 cm curved crown-rump length (CVRL) (78 days) to 100 cm CVRL (full term). The fetuses were categorized into three groups based on their CVRL.

Results: A weak activity of phosphatases and oxidoreductases was observed in the acinar cells and ductular epithelium at 11-19 cm CVRL (78-114 days). From 28 to 37 cm CVRL (136-157 days), a weak to moderate diffused granular alkaline phosphatase (AKPase) activity was observed in the seromucous acini whereas oxidoreductases showed moderate activity. The enzyme activity showed progressively increased with the advancement of the gestation period. The AKPase activity was more in the lumen of acini and along the intercellular canaliculi at 42-100 cm of CVRL (168 days - full term). Large ducts exhibited strong activity for oxidoreductases indicating increased metabolic activity of the cells.

Conclusion: The fetuses of Group I showed a uniform weak activity in the acinar cells and ductular epithelium of the gland. In Group II, the enzymes showed a weak to moderate activity which progressively increased with the advancement of gestation period. The enzymes related to Group III showed a strong positive activity for enzymes which reflected higher secretory activity of the gland.

Key words: buffalo, enzyme histochemistry, prenatal, submandibular salivary gland.

Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry in North Eastern India

Research (Published online: 30-11-2014)

23. Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry in North Eastern India - H. Lalzampuia, T. K. Dutta, Iadarilin Warjri and Rajesh Chandra

Veterinary World, 7(11): 1026-1031

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1026-1031

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was conducted to record the association of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing enteric bacteria with diarrhea of poultry birds in Mizoram, India.

Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds with the history of diarrhea from different parts of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity assays. Phenotypically, ESBLs production ability was determined by double discs synergy test (DDST) method. ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of ESBLs genes. Plasmids were cured by acridine orange. Transfer of resistance from donor to recipient strains was done by in vitro horizontal method.

Results: A total of 134 enteric bacteria was isolated, of which 102 (76.12%), 21 (15.67%) and 11 (8.21%) were E. coli, Salmonella spp. and K. pneumoniae, respectively. By DDST 7 (5.22%) isolates (6 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae) were ESBLs producer. PCR analysis confirmed 5 (3.73%) (4 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae) isolates harboured blaCTX-M-1 gene and/or blaTEM gene. All the isolates were carrying plasmids ranging between 0.9 kb and ~30 kb. Of the 4 isolates positive for blaCTX-M-1 and/or blaTEM, 2 (1.84%) were confirmed for blaCTX-M-1 gene in their plasmid. No blaTEM gene was detected from plasmid. The resistance plasmid could not be transferred to the recipient by in vitro horizontal gene transfer method.

Conclusion: ESBLs producing enteric bacteria are circulating in poultry in North Eastern Region of India. As poultry is one of the most common food animals in this region, these organisms may enter in human population through them.

Keywords: blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, extended spectrum β-Lactamases, North East India, poultry.

Bone marrow derived cell-seeded extracellular matrix: A novel biomaterial in the field of wound management

Research (Published online: 30-11-2014)

22. Bone marrow derived cell-seeded extracellular matrix: A novel biomaterial in the field of wound management - V. Remya, Naveen Kumar, A. K. Sharma, Dayamon D. Mathew, Mamta Negi, S. K. Maiti, Sameer Shrivastava, S. Sonal and N. P. Kurade

Veterinary World, 7(11): 1019-1025

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1019-1025

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Abstract

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Aim: Extensive or irreversible damage to the skin often requires additional skin substitutes for reconstruction. Biomaterials have become critical components in the development of effective new medical therapies for wound care.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, a cell matrix construct (bone marrow-derived cells (BMdc) seeded extracellular matrix [ECM]) was used as a biological substitute for the repair of full-thickness skin wound. ECM was developed by decellularizing fish swim bladder (FSB). Goat bone marrow-derived cells (G-BMdc) were seeded over this decellularized matrix. Efficacy of this cell matrix construct in wound repair was tested by implanting it over 20 mm2 × 20 mm2 size fullthickness skin wound created over the dorsum of rat. The study was conducted in 16 clinically healthy adult rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 8 animals each. In Group I, animal’s wounds were repaired with a cellular FSB matrix. In Group II, wounds were repaired with G-BMdc seeded a cellular FSB matrix. Immune response and efficacy of healing were analyzed.

Results: Quality of healing and immuno tolerance to the biological substitute was significantly better in Group II than Group I.

Conclusion: Seeding with BMdc increases the wound healing potency and modulates the immune response to a significantly negligible level. The BMdc seeded acellular FSB matrix was found to be a novel biomaterial for wound management.

Keywords: biomaterial, decellular, extra cellular matrix, wound.