The effectiveness of novel bacteriocin derived from Escherichia coli colonized in the fermented pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. against pathogenic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites

Research (Published online: 30-11-2014)

21. The effectiveness of novel bacteriocin derived from Escherichia coli colonized in the fermented pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. against pathogenic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites - S. W. Lee, W. Wendy, L. Montira and A. U. Siti Hazirah

Veterinary World, 7(11): 1014-1018

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1014-1018

---

Abstract

---

Aim: The aim was to evaluate antimicrobial property of bacteriocin isolated from Escherichia coli against pathogenic bacteria from aquaculture sites.

Materials and Methods: E. coli was isolated from fermented pineapple Ananas comosus using eosin methylene blue agar. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated E. coli was screened using hole-plate diffusion method. The bacterial strain that showed the widest inhibition zone was selected and grown in tryptic soy broth, followed by partial purification of bacteriocin by using ammonium sulphate. Bacteriocin derived from the E. coli was subjected to the antimicrobial test against 55 bacteria strains namely Aeromonas hydrophila(n=10), Citrobacter freundii (n=5), Edwardsiella tarda (n=10), Flavobacterium spp. (n=10), Pseudomonas spp. (n=10), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n=5) and Vibrio alginolyticus (n=5) by using twofold broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacteriocin against the tested bacteria.

Results: The results of the present study showed that the MIC values of the partially purified bacteriocin against present pathogenic bacteria isolates ranged from 7.81 to 31.25 ppm whereas the MIC values of kanamycin (positive control) ranged from 15.63 to 125 ppm.

Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the bacteriocin derived from E. coli can control all the present bacterial isolates indicating the huge potential of the bacteriocin as a new antimicrobial agent for aquaculture uses.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, partially purified bacteriocin, pathogenic bacteria.

Size tunable gold nanoparticle and its characterization for labeling application in animal health

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

20. Size tunable gold nanoparticle and its characterization for labeling application in animal health - P. R. Sahoo and Praveen Singh

Veterinary World, 7(11): 1010-1013

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1010-1013

---

Abstract

---

Aim: The aim of the present study was to synthesize different sizes of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their characterization for use as a label in lateral flow assay particular for the detection of bluetongue in small ruminants.

Materials and Methods: Size controlled synthesis of GNPs was done by using different concentration of sodium citrate. In this study, five different types of GNP were synthesized by using trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O72H2O) that reduces 20 mM concentration of gold solution (HAuCl4). These different types of GNPs were characterized in terms of morphology, size, shape and λmax by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy respectively.

Results: In the present work, it was found that the size of GNP mainly depends upon the concentration of sodium citrate. By use of 0.09375%, 0.1875%, 0.375%, 0.75% and 1.5% of sodium citrate solution, GNPs were synthesized. In our study, the size of GNP was found ranging from 25 nm to 230 nm. The size was found large with less concentration of sodium citrate (i.e. with 0.09735%) and small with large concentration of sodium citrate (1.5%) and λmax was found to be 450-530 nm in all size of GNP.

Conclusions: The size of GNPs is mainly dependant on the concentration of trisodium citrate, gold salt concentration, optimum pH and temperature. The GNP synthesized by this method has been used as a label for the development of lateral flow assay against diagnosis of bluetongue disease in small ruminant.

Keywords: gold nanoparticles, size controlled synthesis, sodium citrate, tetrachloroauric acid, transmission electron microscopy.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece)

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

19. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) - N. Soultos, E. Iossifidou, Z. Tzikas, D. Sergelidis, Th. Lazou, G. Drakopoulos and I. Konstantelis

Veterinary World, 7(11): 1004-1009

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.1004-1009

---

Abstract

---

Aim: In the current study, a contribution to the knowledge on the prevalence and level of contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) was provided; the serovar identity of the L. monocytogenesisolates was also determined.

Materials and Methods: A total of 132 RTE seafood samples consisting of 74 smoked fish products, 18 salted fish products, 16 dried fish products, 9 raw marinated fish products, 10 cooked marinated cephalopods and 5 surimi crab stick products were analyzed. L. monocytogenes were isolated and enumerated based on ISO 11290-1/A1 and ISO 11290-2/A1 protocols, respectively, and identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system utilizing genus and species specific primers. For the identification of serotypes a second multiplex PCR assay was used which clusters L. monocytogenes strains into four major serogroups.

Results: Of the samples examined, 11 (8.3%) proved positive for Listeria spp. with 8 (6.1%) yielding L. monocytogenes. Only in one sample of smoked mackerel the level of L. monocytogenes exceeded the legal safety limit of 100 cfu/g set out in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1441/2007. Serotyping showed higher percentages of isolates belonging to PCR serogroup 3:1/2b, 3b, 7 (46.7%) and serogroup 1:1/2a, 3a (40%) followed by serogroup 4:4b, 4d, 4e (13.3%).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that L. monocytogenes can be isolated from processed RTE seafood products at retail in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) in low concentrations. However, the presence of this human pathogen in RTE seafood should not be overlooked, but it should be considered as having significance public health implications, particularly among the persons who are at greater risk. Therefore, RTE seafood should be produced under appropriate hygienic and technological conditions since the product does not undergo any treatment before consumption.

Keywords: level, Listeria monocytogenes, Northern Greece, prevalence, ready-to-eat seafood, serotyping.

Seroepidemiological pattern of leptospirosis in bovine of South Gujarat, India

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

18. Seroepidemiological pattern of leptospirosis in bovine of South Gujarat, India - J. M. Patel, P. D.Vihol, M. C. Prasad, I. H. Kalyani, J. K. Raval, K. M. Patel, Sushma R. A. Thirumalesh and V. Balamurugan

Veterinary World, 7(11): 999-1003

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.999-1003

---

Abstract

---

Aim: Seroepidemiological study of leptospirosis in cattle of various South Gujarat district (Navsari, Tapi, Surat, Valsad).

Materials and Methods: Whole blood samples were collected randomly from different age groups, and breeds of cattle of either sex reared in different districts (Navsari, Surat, Tapi, Valsad) of South Gujarat. To obtain serum, whole blood was kept in slanting position in 9.0 ml plain vacutainers until serum extracted out of the whole blood. Then these 9.0 ml plain vacutainers were centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 10 min. The straw colored serum was then collected in 1.5 ml sterile cryo vials and aliquoted and stored at −20°C for microscopic agglutination test.

Results: In the present study, overall 12.81% (51/398) seroprevalence were recorded with highest seroprevalence (47.06%, 24/51) from Valsad followed by Navsari (9.14%, 18/197), Surat (6.90%, 2/29) and Tapi (5.79%, 7/121) among cattle. The seroprevalence rate of breed and sex wise did not differ significantly (p≤0.05). Maximum incidence of seropositivity was found above 4 years (16.32%, 39/239) of age group followed by animals between 1 and 4 years (9.68%, 12/124). Thus, the age was significantly influencing the seropositivity (p≤0.05). In cattle out of 398 sera screened, 51 were positive with one or more serovars. The highest seropositivity was recorded against serovar Pomona (28.89%).

Conclusions: Overall 12.81% seroprevalence of leptospirosis in apparently healthy and clinically ailing bovine of South Gujarat indicating potential zoonotic risk to farmers, labor, and animal owners.

Keywords: cattle, leptospirosis, seroepidemiology, zoonosis.

Evaluation of antibacterial effect of some Sinai medicinal plant extracts on bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

17. Evaluation of antibacterial effect of some Sinai medicinal plant extracts on bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis - Gamil S. G. Zeedan, Abeer M. Abdalhamed, Eman Abdeen, Mahmoud E. Ottai and Sobhy Abdel-Shafy

Veterinary World, 7(11): 991-998

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.991-998

---

Abstract

---

Aim: Bovine mastitis is the most economically important disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide from an economic, diagnostic and public-health point of view. The present study aimed to isolate and identify of bacteria causes mastitis in dairy cows and to evaluate the antibacterial activities of some selected medicinal plants extracts comparing antibiotics used in the treatment of mastitis in Egypt.

Materials and Methods: A total of 203 milk samples of dairy cows were collected during the period from February to June 2013 at different Governorates in Egypt. The use clinical inspection and California mastitis test examination were provided efficient diagnostic tool for detection of clinical, subclinical mastitis and apparently normal health cattle. The collected milk samples were cultured on Nutrient, Blood agar, Mannitol salt, Edward’s and MacConkey agar plates supporting the growth of various types of bacteria for their biochemical studies and isolation. The antimicrobial activity of plants extracts (Jasonia montana and Artemisia herb alba)with different solvent (ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and acetone)were studied in vitro against isolated bacteria from mastitis by paper desk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC).

Results: The prevalence of clinical, subclinical mastitis and normal healthy animals were 34.50%, 24.7% and 40.8% respectively. The major pathogens isolated from collected milk samples were Escherichia coli (22.16%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.19%), Streptococcusspp. (13.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (12.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactia (0.5%), Pasteurella spp. (2.45%), Klebsiella spp. (1.47%)andPseudomonas spp. (0.45%). The highest antibacterial activity of J. montana plant extracted with acetone solvent against S. agalactiae, E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella spp and coagulase-negative Staphylococci with zone of inhibition values ± standard deviation (SD), ranging from 4.33±0.57 to 25.6±0.60 mm. The MIC values for the extracts ranged from 0.01 to 1.56 mg/ml. when comparing antibacterial activity of A. herb alba plant extracted with acetone solvent on the same bacteria with zone of inhibition values ± SD, ranging from 00±00 to 5.6±0.60 mm. Both extracts from J. montana and A. herb alba plant extracts with petroleum ether, methanol and chloroform solvent were less antibacterial activities than acetone solvent extract.

Conclusion: The present study spot highlight on isolation and identification of mastitis pathogens that are fundamental aspects of milk quality, udder health control programs and public health and food safety issues associated with food borne pathogens. J. montana and A. herb alba plants have antibacterial effects more than antibiotics used in the treatment of mastitis. Finally, the medicinal plant extracts can be used to discover bioactive natural product in the form of antibacterial that may be serve the development of new pharmaceutical products. But still need further research necessary to identify active compounds and research to mechanism and drug interaction.

Keywords: antimicrobial agent, Artemisia herb alba, California mastitis test, Jasonia montana, minimum inhibitory concentration.

Xylazine-ketamine immobilization and propofol anesthesia for surgical excision of sebaceous adenoma in a jaguar (Panthera onca)

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

16. Xylazine-ketamine immobilization and propofol anesthesia for surgical excision of sebaceous adenoma in a jaguar (Panthera onca) -M. Bharathidasan, R. Thirumurugan, B. Justin William, R. S. George, A. Arunprasad, T. A. Kannan and S. Viramuthu

Veterinary World, 7(11): 986-990

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.986-990

---

Abstract

---

Aim: A captive male jaguar (Panthera onca) was anaesthetized for surgical excision of a tumor at the left belly fold under xylazine-ketamine immobilization and propofol anesthesia. The objective was to assess the dose of xylazine and ketamine required to abolish ear flick reflex for safe approach when the jaguar was under chemical immobilization and efficacy of propofol induced anesthesia.

Materials and Methods: A male jaguar (P. onca) aged 14 years and weighing approximately 90 kg was subjected to chemical immobilization using a combination of xylazine and ketamine using a blow pipe. The jaguar was approached after the absence of ear flick reflex and transported to zoo Operation Theater. Propofol was administered intravenously to induce and maintain anesthesia. The tumor was excised using thermocautery and subjected to histopathology.

Results: Ear flick reflex was stimulated at 5 and 10 min after immobilization and observed shaking of head and movement of fore limb following administration of xylazine and ketamine. Dose of xylazine and ketamine required for chemical immobilization, characterized by absence of ear flick reflex was 1.0 and 3.5 mg/kg body weight respectively, and was achieved in 13 min. The surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained for 11 min following administration of propofol at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight intravenously. The jaguar recovered in 41 min following surgery. The excised tumor was confirmed as sebaceous adenoma on histopathological examination. The animal recovered uneventfully, and no recurrence of the tumor was noticed in 3 months follow-up period.

Conclusion: The total dose xylazine and ketamine required for chemical immobilization with absence of ear flick reflex was 1.0 and 3.5 mg/kg body weight respectively. Further, administration of propofol intravenously, at a dose of 2 mg/kg maintained anesthesia for 11 min. Histopathological examination of the excised tumor at the belly fold was confirmed as sebaceous adenoma.

Keywords: ear flick reflex, jaguar, ketamine, Panthera onca, propofol, sebaceous adenoma, xylazine.

Pathogens isolated from clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes and their antibiogram

Research (Published online: 27-11-2014)

15. Pathogens isolated from clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes and their antibiogram - Gaurav Charaya, Anshu Sharma, Ashok Kumar, Mahavir Singh and Parveen Goel

Veterinary World, 7(11): 980-985

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.980-985

---

Abstract

---

Aim: To determine the etiology of clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes and to develop an antibiogram of organisms isolated.

Materials and Methods: A total of 564 quarter milk samples of 144 buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis received in Veterinary College Central Laboratory were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey’s lactose agar and sabouraud dextrose agar. Bacteria isolated were characterized to the species level and subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing.

Results: Out of 564 quarters examined for mastitis, 320 (56.73%) quarters were found culturally positive showing isolation ofStaphylococcus aureus 140 (38.04%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 112 (30.43%), Streptococcus agalactiae 13 (3.53%), Escherichia coli 74 (20.10%) and Corynebacterium pyogenes 29 (7.88%). On carrying antibiogram staphylococci and streptococci revealed high sensitivity towards chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin and enrofloxacin. Streptococci showed high sensitivity towards ceftriaxone and cefaperazone also. E. coli was found highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamicin. C. pyogenes was sensitive to the majority of antibiotics.

Conclusion: S. aureus was the most predominant bacteria isolated from mastitis cases and irrespective of the isolates chloramphenicol was found to be most sensitive when tested in-vitro.

Keywords: antibiogram, Escherichia coli., mastitis, staphylococci, streptococci.