Sunday, 14 September 2014

International Journal of One Health

International Journal of One Health
(www.onehealthjournal.org)

Aims and Scope: International Journal of One Health publishes papers focusing on One Health (Human, Animal and Environmental health).
All articles published by International Journal of One Health are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles will be assigned a DOI number (Digital Object Identifier) whereby they become searchable and citable without delay.

Audience: International Journal of One Health is of interest to those in human medicine, veterinary medicine, infectious diseases, public health, parasitology, food science, epidemiology, immunology, virology, bacteriology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, wildlife, toxicology, environmental health.

Call for papers

Topic includes human medicine, veterinary medicine, infectious diseases, public health, parasitology, food science, epidemiology, immunology, virology, bacteriology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, wildlife, toxicology, environmental health etc.

Please send pre-submission queries to


Submit your manuscript online at http://my.ejmanager.com/ijoh/
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Three finger palpation technique of vas deferens for keyhole vasectomy in spotted (Axis axis) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)

Three finger palpation technique of vas deferens for keyhole vasectomy in spotted (Axis axis) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) - B. J. William, M. Bharathidasan, R. Thirumurugan, A. Arunprasad, T. A. Kananan, R. S. George, L. Nagarajan and C. Ramani
Veterinary World, 7(9): 685-688


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.685-688


B. J. William: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; vetjust@gmail.com
M. Bharathidasan: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; dasan.bharathi234@gmail.com
R. Thirumurugan: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; thiruzoovet@googlemail.com
A. Arunprasad: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; drapvet1973@gmail.com
T. A. Kananan: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; kanns2000@gmail.com
R. S. George: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; ravi.george@yahoo.com
L. Nagarajan: Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; sriramki.krishna@gmail.com
C. Ramani; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; ramani@tanuvas.org.in

Received: 12-05-2014, Revised: 28-07-2014, Accepted: 31-07-2014, Published online: 13-09-2014

Corresponding author: B. Justin William, email: vetjust@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: Vasectomy is performed in deer for population control, maintain pedigreed animals and prevent inbreeding. Conventional procedure of vasectomy required a long-term anesthesia and longer duration of hospitalization, which often result in stress, morbidity and mortality. A study was conducted to capture, neuter and release the deer with minimal hospitalization and stress by adopting three finger palpation technique of vas deferens and performing vasectomy through a key-hole incision.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on three spotted male deer and three sambar male deer, which were immobilized with a mixture of xylazine at the dose of 1.00 mg/kg and ketamine at the dose of 5.00 mg/kg. The vas deferens could be palpated as a piece of cooked spaghetti at the neck of the scrotum on the anterior aspect by three finger palpation technique and was able to fix the vas deferens between the thumb and middle finger. Through a key-hole incision of <5 mm length, the vas deferens was exteriorized and resected using electrocautery and the skin incision was sealed with methyl methacrylate. The deer were released on the same day, and no post-operative complication was noticed.
Conclusion: The study revealed that three finger palpation technique of vas deferens provided guidance for easy access to vas deferens for vasectomy in deer with less hospitalization, and the deer could be released on the same day.

Keywords: anesthesia, immobilization, ketamine, sambar deer, spotted deer, three finger palpation technique, vasectomy, xylazine.
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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter species in foods of animal origin

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter species in foods of animal origin - Pallavi and Ashok Kumar
Veterinary World, 7(9): 681-684


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.681-684


Pallavi: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;upadhyayapallavi.31@gmail.com
Ashok Kumar: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;ashokakt@rediffmail.com

Received: 01-06-2014, Revised: 23-07-2014, Accepted: 31-07-2014, Published online: 13-09-2014

Corresponding author: Pallavi, email: upadhyayapallavi.31@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence and evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Campylobacter species isolated from foods of animal origin.
Materials and Methods: A total of 280 samples (comprising 150 chicken meat, 50 chevon and 80 milk) were collected from retail meat markets, slaughter houses and dairy farms and analyzed for isolation of Campylobacter species. A total of 29 isolates comprising 23Campylobacter jejuni and 6 Campylobacter coli were recovered, characterized biochemically and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. These isolates were then tested for antibiotic resistance pattern through disc diffusion method, and MIC was assessed by MIC strips. The antibiotic resistance assessment was performed against 8 antibiotics viz. ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and norfloxacin.
Results: The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat, chevon and milk samples were observed 17.33%, 6% and 0%, respectively. All the isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole but sensitive to erythromycin. All the isolates showed different resistance pattern for the rest of the antibiotics. MIC results revealed that all the isolates were within prescribed concentrations for sensitivity for the antibiotics tested.
Conclusions: The foods of animal origin are source of Campylobacter infections to human beings. Thus, the development of antibiotic-resistant strains emphasizes the requirement of better surveillance and monitoring of the foods of animal origin and the use of antimicrobials in veterinary and human medicine require careful regulation.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, Campylobacter, minimum inhibitory concentration, poultry.
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Clinical evaluation of total intravenous anaesthesia using xylazine or dexmedetomidine with propofol in surgical management of canine patients

Clinical evaluation of total intravenous anaesthesia using xylazine or dexmedetomidine with propofol in surgical management of canine patients - Biswadeep Jena, Jayakrushna Das, Indramani Nath, Kautuk Kumar Sardar, Abhishek Sahoo, Sasanka Sekhar Beura and Abhishek Painuli
Veterinary World, 7(9): 671-680


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.671-680


Biswadeep Jena: Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; biswadeep44@gmail.com
Jayakrushna Das: Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; drjohndasjajpur@yahoo.co.in
Indramani Nath: Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; indravet@yahoo.co.in
Kautuk Kumar Sardar: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; kksardar@gmail.com
Abhishek Sahoo: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; draviseq@gmail.com
Sasanka Sekhar Beura: Department of Livestock Production & Management, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; sasankavet41@gmail.com
Abhishek Painuli: Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Usham Singh Nagar), Uttarakhand, India; painuliabhishek177@gmail.com

Received: 08-05-2014, Revised: 22-07-2014, Accepted: 27-07-2014, Published online: 13-09-2014

Corresponding author: Biswadeep Jena, email: biswadeep44@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to evaluate and compare the clinico-physiological, hemodynamic and hematobiochemical effects in response to different total intravenous anaesthesia techniques using xylazine or dexmedetomidine with propofol in canine patients.
Materials and Methods: Under a prospective randomized blinded clinical study, 12 apparently healthy adult dogs (14.27±3.2 kg) divided into two groups (n=6). Animals were administered with xylazine (0.5 mg/kg body weight IV) in X group or, dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg body weight IV) in D group and propofol (as IV bolus till the induction and continuous IV infusion for maintenance). Clinical reflexes, physiological, hemodynamic parameters, were recorded at 5-min intervals. Blood was collected at zero, 30 and 60 min after initial injection for hematobiochemical evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple range tests, paired - t-test and Kruskal–Wallis one-way test.
Results: Animals showed quicker attenuation of all clinical reflexes in group D. Induction doses of propofol were 3.17±0.21 and 2.72±0.15 mg/kg and rate of infusion of propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia were 0.33±0.02 mg/kg/min and 0.35±0.02 mg/kg/min respectively in group X and D. Recovery was quicker in group D. There were no significant statistical differences in physiological, hemodynamic and hematobiochemical parameters in both the groups. There were no adverse effects after recovery.
Conclusion: Both anesthetic protocols provided satisfactory immobilization, but dexmedetomidine-propofol combination may be preferred owing to slightly better degree of basal anaesthesia, lesser doses of propofol required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia along with a lesser degree of respiratory depression. However, there was no clear preference for either of the protocol, and both appear suitable for canines.

Keywords: alpha2 adrenoreceptor agonist, canine surgery, dexmedetomidine, propofol, total intravenous anaesthesia, xylazine.
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Friday, 12 September 2014

Launched International Journal of One Health

Today, we have launched International Journal of One Health (www.onehealthjournal.org).
Please visit the site and send your comments/suggestions.
Aims and Scope: International Journal of One Health publishes papers focusing on One Health (Human, Animal and Environmental health).
All articles published by International Journal of One Health are made freely and permanently accessible online. All articles will be assigned a DOI number (Digital Object Identifier) whereby they become searchable and citable without delay.
Audience: International Journal of One Health is of interest to those in human medicine, veterinary medicine, infectious diseases, public health, parasitology, food science, epidemiology, immunology, virology, bacteriology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, wildlife, toxicology, environmental health.
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Wednesday, 10 September 2014

International Scholarship Guide

Top 25 Scholarship Programs in Sweden for International Students


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Up until 2010,  Sweden has been one of the fewcountries in Europe where you can study for free. The Swedish Government has then passed a law that charges tuition and application fees for students from non-EU/EEA countries to be supplemented by Swedish Scholarship Programs. In addition, a significant number of Swedish Universities still offer scholarships in the form of tuition waivers for international students.

Last updated: 28 Jul 2014 |
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Top 10 Scholarships in Canada for International Students

canada-scholarships
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There are a limited number of Canada Scholarshipscompared to the large number of USA scholarships, UK scholarships, or Australia scholarshps that are available for foreign students.  To help you in your search, scholars4dev.com has compiled links to full and partial scholarships in Canada for international students.

Last updated: 07 Jul 2014 |
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Top 25 Scholarships in USA for International Students


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The United States is one of  the prime destinations for students who are looking to benefit from a top notch and widely recognized international education.  However, there are limited scholarship options for international students who wish to study in the US for free.  To help you, scholars4dev.com compiled a list of scholarships in USA offered by US Colleges and Universities as well as scholarships granted by US government and institutions.
Last updated: 23 Jun 2014 |
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List of MBA Scholarships for International Students

mba-scholarships
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Finding a scholarship for an MBA Degree can prove to be a challenging task but there a significant number to be found.  To help prospective MBA students,scholars4dev.com has developed a list of InternationalMBA Scholarships for international students, developing country students, and women.
Last updated: 26 May 2014 |
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Top 10 Scholarships in Australia for International Students in 2014


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The Australian Government and Australian Universities provide a large number of scholarships for international students wanting to study in Australia. scholars4dev.com prepared a list of the top Australia Scholarships for study at Australian Universities in 2014.
Last updated: 28 Apr 2014 |
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A Guide to Tuition-Free Colleges and Universities for International Students


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If you fail to qualify for fully-funded university scholarships, consider enrolling in universities that are tuition free or universities offering tuition fee scholarships.  Although not as many as before, there still are countries that offer free tuition for international students. scholars4dev.com has compiled information and provided links to tuition-free Colleges and Universities in these countries.
Last updated: 31 Mar 2014 |
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A Guide to Studying in Germany for Free for Foreign Students


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Germany has become a popular destination for foreign students looking for an international education. German Universities offers internationally recognized programs at a relatively cheaper cost compared to UK, USA or Australia. Moreover, there are a significant number of available scholarships that allows foreign students tostudy in Germany for free.
Last updated: 03 Feb 2014 |
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List of UK Scholarships for International Students in 2014


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Do you want to study in the UK for free? The British Government and UK Universities provide a large number of scholarships for international students who wants to study in United Kingdom. To help you, scholars4dev.com prepared a list of top UK Scholarships that you can watch out for in 2014.
Last updated: 12 Jan 2014 |
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Links to Universities that offer Scholarships for International Students


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Do you want to study abroad in  USA, UK, Australia,Europe and Asia for free? A lot of Universities offeruniversity scholarships for international students who wish pursue their studies abroad for free.  In  this post, you will find links to scholarship pages  of  the different Universities around the world.
Last updated: 22 Dec 2013 |
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Noble prize winner - Veterinarian - Peter C. Doherty

Peter C. Doherty

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other people named Peter Doherty, see Peter Doherty (disambiguation).
Peter Doherty
Born15 October 1940 (age 73)
Brisbane (Queensland)
NationalityAustralian
FieldsMedicine
Immunology
InstitutionsJohn Curtin School of Medical Research
Alma materUniversity of Queensland
University of Edinburgh
Known formajor histocompatibility complex
Notable awardsNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1996.
Peter Charles Doherty AC (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher in the field of medicine. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997.[1] In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel.[2] Zinkernagel was named an honorary Companion. He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure. He had a younger brother named Ian and had two parents named Linda and Eric. He skipped a grade in school and entered the University of Queensland when he was 17.

Research[edit]

Doherty's research focuses on the immune system and his Nobel work described how the body's immune cells protect against viruses. He and Rolf Zinkernagel, the co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, discovered how T cells recognise their target antigens in combination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.[citation needed]
Viruses infect host cells and reproduce inside them. Killer T-cells destroy those infected cells so that the viruses cannot reproduce. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that, in order for killer T cells to recognise infected cells, they had to recognise two molecules on the surface of the cell – not only the virus antigen, but also a molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This recognition was done by a T-cell receptor on the surface of the T cell. The MHC was previously identified as being responsible for the rejection of incompatible tissues during transplantation. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that the MHC was responsible for the body fighting meningitis viruses too.[3]

Life[edit]

Doherty was born in Brisbane, Queensland, where he attended Indooroopilly State High School. He received his bachelor's degree in veterinary science in 1962 and his master's degree in veterinary science in 1966 from the University of Queensland. After obtaining his PhD in 1970 from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, he returned to Australia to perform his Nobel Prize-winning research at the John Curtin School of Medical Research in Canberra. Doherty currently spends three months of the year conducting research at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, where he is a faculty member at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center through the College of Medicine.[4]For the other 9 months of the year he works in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Melbourne, Victoria. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1987.[5]
Professor Doherty is the patron of the eponymous Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity. It houses a group of infection and immunology experts who are charged with leading the battle against infectious diseases in humans. This became operational in 2014.[6]

Writings[edit]

His semi-autobiographical book, The Beginner's Guide to Winning the Nobel Prize, was published by The Miegunyah Press, an imprint of Melbourne University Publishing Ltd, Melbourne in 2005. A Light History of Hot Air was published in 2007 by Melbourne University Press. His latest book, published in 2012, is titled Sentinel Chickens.[7]
Both John Monash Science School and Moreton Bay Boys College have a house named after him.[citation needed]Nob
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