Sunday, 7 September 2014

Comparison of blood profiles between healthy and Brucella affected cattle

8. Comparison of blood profiles between healthy and Brucella affected cattle - Rita Nath, Sutopa Das, Satya Sarma and Maitrayee Devi
Veterinary World, 7(9): 668-670


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.668-670


Rita Nath: Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India; ritasankr@rediffmail.com
Sutopa Das: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India; d_sutopa@yahoo.com
Satya Sarma: Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India; sarmasatya49@yahoo.in
Maitrayee Devi: Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India; maitrayeee@gmail.com
Received: 23-05-2014, Revised: 20-07-2014, Accepted: 27-07-2014, Published online: 07-09-2014
Corresponding author: Rita Nath, email: ritasankr@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the blood biochemical metabolites of crossbred cattle suffering from brucellosis, in Khetri region of Kamrup District of Assam, India.
Materials and Methods: Blood was collected by venipuncture from the jugular vein using 18 gauge hypodermic needle fitted to a Vacutainer-Leur adapter and evacuated tubes. Samples were screened for Brucella by rose Bengal plate test using plate test antigen. The study consisted of two groups. Group I consisted of healthy crossbred cows and Group II consisted of crossbred cows affected with brucellosis. Blood metabolites were estimated by spectrophotometric methods.
Results: Out of 14 serum samples, 8 samples were positive for Brucella and remaining 6 were found to be negative. It was observed that serum albumin and urea of the affected cattle showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), but serum globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) in comparison to the healthy cattle. Glucose, protein, albumin: globulin ratio, blood urea nitrogen did not show much variation between the Brucellosis affected and healthy cattle.
Conclusion: Results obtained showed that brucellosis have a harmful effect on the animals health as they disturb the vital organs functions, which appear in the form of changes in blood biochemical parameters.

Keywords: biochemical metabolites, brucellosis, cattle, rose Bengal plate test.
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Seroprevalence of canine dirofilariosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis of public health importance in dogs from India’s North East

7. Seroprevalence of canine dirofilariosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis of public health importance in dogs from India’s North East - S. K. Borthakur, D. K. Deka, Kanta Bhattacharjee and P. C. Sarmah
Veterinary World, 7(9): 665-667


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.665-667


S. K. Borthakur: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India;sanjoy_barthakur@rediffmail.com
D. K. Deka: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India;dilipkumar.deka@rediffmail.com
Kanta Bhattacharjee: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India;kantabhatta@gmail.com
P. C. Sarmah: Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India;pcsarmah@gmail.com

Received: 02-05-2014, Revised: 21-07-2014, Accepted: 25-07-2014, Published online: 07-09-2014

Corresponding author: Kanta Bhattacharjee, email: kantabhatta@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: Vector-borne infections namely dirofilariosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis are being recognized as emerging and/or re-emerging problems in dogs and man due to rapid extension of zoogeographical ranges of many causative agents through international tourism and increase mobility of dogs at national and international level towards meeting the demand for companion animals in the present day society. Anticipating such situation, a serological study was conducted in dogs from North East India to estimate the prevalence of zoonotically important Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi along with Ehrlichia canis.
Materials and Methods: Serological study was carried out using enzyme immunoassay in commercial SNAP 4DX® test kit (Idexx Laboratories, USA). The study was conducted in 191 dogs comprising 82 pets, 57 stray and 52 working dogs owned by defence organizations.
Results: The study revealed seroprevalence of mosquito-borne D. immitis (17.80%), tick-borne E. canis (22.51%) and A. phagocytophilum(4.71%) with an overall 41.88% prevalence of pathogens in single or co-infection. Serological evidence of tick-borne lyme borreliosis due toB. burgdorferi could not be established in dogs in the present study. Of the zoonotic species, highest prevalence of D. immitis was found in the stray dogs (22.80%) and that of A. phagocytophilum in pet dogs (6.09%).
Conclusion: The results of the present serological study serve as baseline information on the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in dogs reported for the first time in India and reaffirmation on the high prevalence of D. immitis and E. canis in the North East India.

Keywords: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, dog, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis.
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray and owned dogs of Grenada, West Indies

6. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray and owned dogs of Grenada, West Indies - Ravindra N. Sharma, Gabriel Ordas, Keshaw Tiwari, Alfred Chikweto, Muhammad Iqbal Bhaiyat, Claude De Allie and Tara Paterson
Veterinary World, 7(9): 661-664


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.661-664


Ravindra N. Sharma: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies; rsharma@sgu.edu
Gabriel Ordas: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies;
gordas@sgu.edu
Keshaw Tiwari: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies;
ktiwari@sgu.edu
Alfred Chikweto: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies; achikweto@sgu.edu
Muhammad Iqbal Bhaiyat: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies;mibhaiyat@sgu.edu
Claude De Allie: Division of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Government of Grenada, West Indies; cdeallie@sgu.edu
Tara Paterson: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Georges University, Grenada, West Indies;tpaterson@sgu.edu
Received: 21-05-2014, Revised: 18-07-2014, Accepted: 25-07-2014, Published online: 07-09-2014
Corresponding author: Ravindra N. Sharma, email: rsharma@sgu.edu
Abstract
Aim: This serological survey was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in two populations of dogs (stray and owned dogs) in Grenada. Dogs get infected with oocysts voided from cats, definitive hosts of T. gondii. In dogs, T. gondii causes subclinical to clinical disease. Earlier studies conducted in Grenada on a small population of owned dogs showed evidence of exposure to T. gondii.
Materials and Methods: Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 625 dogs (368 stray and 257 owned dogs) from around all six parishes in Grenada, West Indies, using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 123 (33.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.58-38.22%) of stray dogs and in 64 (25%; 95% CI: 19.71-30.29%) of the owned dogs. Seropositivity was higher in stray dogs than in pet dogs (p=0.026). Whereas, there was no sex predisposition to seropositivity in owned dogs (p=1.0), female stray dogs showed a higher prevalence than male stray dogs (p=0.04).
Conclusion: These results support previous findings that T. gondii is prevalent in Grenada. In this study, overall seropositivity for T. gondiiin dogs in Grenada is lower than noted in 2008, but is still higher in stray dogs than in owned dogs.

Keywords: dog, ELISA, Grenada, T. gondii.
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Global snapshot of infectious canine cancer shows how to control disease

Whiile countries with dog control policies have curbed an infectious and gruesome canine cancer, the disease is continuing to lurk in the majority of dog populations around the world, particularly in areas with many free-roaming dogs. This is according to research published in the open access journal BMC Veterinary Research.
The survey of veterinarians across the world confirmed that Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (CTVT) has a global reach. Researchers from the University of Cambridge found that the countries and areas with the lowest rates of the disease also had strong dog control policies. These include managing the number of street dogs; spay and neuter practices; and quarantine procedures for imported dogs.
CTVT first originated as a tumor in a single dog that lived thousands of years ago, and by becoming transmissible, this cancer has become the oldest, most widespread and prolific cancer known in nature. It causes tumors of the genitals, and is spread by the transfer of living cancer cells between dogs during sex. The tumor cells multiply and can be sloughed off and transferred to another dog during mating. CTVT is one of only two known transmissible cancers -- the other has decimated the wild Tasmanian devil population.
Until now, no systematic global survey of the disease had been performed. To understand the global distribution and prevalence of the disease, the scientists sent a questionnaire to 645 veterinarians and animal health workers around the world. The replies showed that CTVT is endemic in dogs in at least 90 of 109 countries surveyed.
The researchers found that the only cases of CTVT reported in countries in Northern Europe, where free-roaming dogs are absent, were found in dogs that had been imported from abroad. There were no reports of CTVT in New Zealand, a country with strict dog quarantine policies. On the other hand, the disease was more likely to be present in countries or areas with free-roaming dog populations.
Andrea Strakova, University of Cambridge, said: "Although CTVT can usually be effectively treated, lack of awareness of the disease and poor access to veterinary care mean it can go untreated and impact the welfare of dogs. Research and monitoring of this disease may lead to improved methods for disease prevention, detection and treatment."
Dr Elizabeth Murchison, University of Cambridge, said: "Our study has suggested that free-roaming dogs are a reservoir for CTVT. Our review of the historical literature indicated that CTVT was eradicated in the UK during the twentieth century, probably as an unintentional result of the introduction of dog control policies. Careful management of free-roaming dog populations, as well as inclusion of CTVT in dog import/export quarantine policies, may help to control CTVT spread."
The research also highlighted the importance of dog sterilisation programs in controlling CTVT spread. However, dog spaying and neutering may not always be protective against CTVT, possibly because the disease can also be spread by biting, licking or sniffing.
The research highlights the remarkable global spread of a single canine cancer which has continued to survive beyond the animal that first spawned it.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by BioMed Central. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
  1. Andrea Strakova, Elizabeth P Murchison. The changing global distribution and prevalence of canine transmissible venereal tumour. BMC Veterinary Research, 2014; 10 (1): 168 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0168-9
Cite This Page:
BioMed Central. "Global snapshot of infectious canine cancer shows how to control disease." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 3 September 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140903092205.htm>.
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Efficacy of fowl pox vaccines against Egyptian isolated strain during 2012

5. Efficacy of fowl pox vaccines against Egyptian isolated strain during 2012 - Susan S El-Mahdy and Christine Mikheal
Veterinary World, 7(9): 656-660


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.656-660


Susan S El-Mahdy: Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, El-Seka El-Beida St. Abbasia 131, Cairo, Egypt;prof.s.elemahdy@gmail.com
Christine Mikheal: Department of Pox Vaccines Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, El Seka El-Beida St. Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt;chochichach@yahoo.com

Received: 01-05-2014, Revised: 16-07-2014, Accepted: 21-07-2014, Published online: 06-09-2014

Corresponding author: Susan S. El-mahdy, email: prof.s.elemahdy@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the protection induced by different commercial fowl pox (FP) vaccines against local FP virus isolated from Giza governorate in Egypt during 2012.
Materials and Methods: Efficacy of FP vaccines against local field isolates was determined in seven groups of (20 birds/group) 6 weeks old specific-pathogen free chicks. Each group was vaccinated via wing web with one of different FP living vaccines and (20) chicks in group (8) did not receive any FP vaccine and served as controls. At the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th-da post-vaccination (DPV), all birds were examined for the presence of takes at the site of vaccination. Three weeks post vaccination, serum samples were collected, and the levels of induced antibodies were detected by passive hemagglutination (PH) test. All birds in Groups (1-8A) were challenged individually via the wing web with EID50 103.0 of the Egyptian isolated strain during 2012.
Results: Takes detected at the site of vaccination at the 3rd day were ranging from 45 to 70%. This percent increased to 80-95% at the 5thDPV with a maximum elevation of takes at the 7th DPV (90-100%). Geometric mean titer of PH assay antibody titer, 3 weeks post vaccination, was ranging between 5.60 and 9.60 according to the type of vaccine used and with protection 90-100%.
Conclusion: Efficacy of some commercial FP vaccines used in the poultry field against the Egyptian isolated strain during 2012 ranged between 90% and 100% according to the type of used vaccine.

Keywords: chickens, fowl pox vaccines, local Egyptian isolated strain.
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Detection of natural prevalence and infection of ixodid ticks with Theileria equi in hilly equines of Palam valley (India)

4. Detection of natural prevalence and infection of ixodid ticks with Theileria equi in hilly equines of Palam valley (India) - Prateek Kashyap, Aman D. Moudgil and Pallavi
Veterinary World, 7(9): 652-655


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.652-655


Prateek Kashyap: ERA and Brooke India, Equine Welfare Unit, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India; prateekpandit0871@gmail.com
Aman D. Moudgil: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; moudgil.aman@gmail.com
Pallavi: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;upadhyayapallavi.31@gmail.com
Received: 01-06-2014, Revised: 22-07-2014, Accepted: 31-07-2014. Published Online: 06-09-2014
Corresponding author: Prateek Kashyap, email: prateekpandit0871@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to study the prevalence of tick infestation in equines of Palam valley and specific detection of Theileria equi infection in tick samples with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the prevalence of ixodid tick population in hilly equines and their potential role in the transmission of T. equi, a total of 74 ticks were collected from apparently healthy equines, which were then processed and identified by classical parasitological technique. The molecular techniques (nested PCR) were applied for identification of infection of T. equi.
Results: The ticks (n=74) collected from apparently healthy equines belonged mainly to three different species, of which 42 (56.75%) wereRhipicephalus microplus, whereas 16 (21.62%) were of Hyalomma species and 16 (21.62%) were of Hemaphysalis species. A total of 21 (30%) ticks were recovered from male and 53 (75.7%) from female equines. Adult equines harbored 94.6% (n=70) when compared to 5.4% (n=4) harbored by young ones. On nested PCR amplification an amplicon of 665 bp size specific for T. equi was detected in 6.75% (5/74) ticks (in 7.5% ticks recovered from a female and 4.7% from male equines).
Conclusion: Nested PCR assay resulted in significantly higher efficacy of detection of the parasite in ticks. These results clearly demonstrate the presence of equine theileriosis in hilly northern state of the country and potential roles of ticks (R. microplus, Haemaphysalis andHyalomma species) in its transmission.

Keywords: equines, Himachal Pradesh, nested polymerase chain reaction, Theileria equi
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Relationships among frozen-thawed semen fertility, physical parameters, certain routine sperm characteristics and testosterone in breeding Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls

3. Relationships among frozen-thawed semen fertility, physical parameters, certain routine sperm characteristics and testosterone in breeding Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls - A. K. Singh, P. S. Brar and R. S. Cheema
Veterinary World, 7(9): 644-651


   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.644-651


A. K. Singh: Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India; assengar2001@yahoo.co.in
P. S. Brar: Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India; PSB: parkashbrar@gmail.com
R. S. Cheema; Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India; ranjna.cheema@gmail.com

Received: 23-04-2014, Revised: 07-07-2014, Accepted: 12-07-2014, Published online: 06-09-2014

Corresponding author: A. K. Singh, e-mail: assengar2001@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Aim: The present study was carried out to examine the relationships among frozen-thawed semen fertility, physical parameters, seminal quality, and testosterone concentration in Murrah buffalo bulls.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 breeding Murrah buffalo bulls (either progeny tested or under progeny testing program) were randomly selected from two government bull farms in Punjab. None of the bulls selected for this study had any preceding physical abnormality. A field fertility trial was conducted to determine the first service conception rate (FSCR). The number of females inseminated per bull semen was 10. All the bulls were inspected for structural soundness, measurement of scrotal circumference, testicular biometry, and internal pelvic area (IPA). Frozen-thawed semen was evaluated for total motility, progressive motility, viability, concentration, abnormality, and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). Testosterone was estimated in blood plasma, seminal plasma as well as frozen-thawed semen extracts for establishing relationship.
Results: The FSCR was 48% in the bulls having a scrotal circumference of ≥44 cm, although, there was no significant correlation between FSCR and scrotal circumference. Similarly, no consistent relationship existed between sperm concentration and scrotal circumference. A positive correlation was observed between IPA and FSCR (r=0.294). Of the six post-thaw seminal components (total motility, progressive motility, viability, HOST (%), total abnormality and concentration) only total motility had a high significant (p<0.01) correlation with FSCR (r=0.694). Varied correlations existed between other seminal parameters and fertility. Using a simple regression analysis, the post-thaw motility, IPA, prepuce length and testosterone (independent variables) combined to explain approximately 62% of the variation in the FSCR (dependent variable).
Conclusion: The present study indicated that despite low to high correlations between seminal characteristics, physical parameters, fertility, and testosterone; the observations support the importance of these components and their function in maintaining semen quality and subsequent fertility.

Keywords: buffalo spermatozoa, fertility, pelvic area, scrotal circumference, testosterone.
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