Effect of thawing methods on frozen semen quality of yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) bulls

Research (Published online: 07-07-2015)

3.  Effect of thawing methods on frozen semen quality of yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) bulls - Binod Kumar Dutta Borah, Bharat Chandra Deka, Ranjan Kumar Biswas, Prithiviraj Chakravarty, Sourabh Deori, Sudip Sinha and Kutubuddin Ahmed

Veterinary World, 8(7): 831-834

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.831-834

Abstract

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Aim: To evaluate different thawing temperatures and duration on the post-thaw semen quality of Indian yaks bulls.

Materials and Methods: Semen ejaculates from four different yak bulls were collected using artificial vagina method and extended with tris extender containing 6.4% glycerol at 35°C, cooled gradually from 35°C to 5°C at 1°C/3 min and equilibrated at 4-5°C for 4 h and frozen in French mini straws using a programmable bio-freezer and finally stored in liquid nitrogen.Thawing of frozen semen straws was carried out using three methods i.e., 35°C for 60 s (thawing method I), 37°C for 30 s (thawing method II) and 75°C for 9 s (thawing method III).The post-thaw semen quality parameters assessed were sperm motility, percent live sperm, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST)-reacted sperm, acrosomal changes, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the extracellular media.

Results: The percent sperm motility, total incidence of acrosomal changes, and extracellular release of AST varied significantly (p<0.01) between thawing methods but live sperm and HOST-reacted sperm did not vary significantly between thawing methods.The percent sperm motility of frozen yak semen for thawing method III was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for thawing methods I and II, the difference between thawing methods I and II being non-significant. The critical difference test revealed that the total incidence of acrosomal changes and extracellular release of AST were significantly (p<0.05) lower when thawing was done using methods I and II than in method III.

Conclusion: On the basis of the present experiment, we can conclude that barring the post-thaw sperm motility, thawing of frozen yak semen in water either at 35°C for 60 s or 37°C for 30 s gives better post-thaw semen quality than at 75°C for 09 s.

Keywords: acrosomal changes, post-thaw, thawing methods, semen quality, yak.

Modeling of spatial distribution for scorpions of medical importance in the São Paulo State, Brazil

Research (Published online: 07-07-2015)

2.  Modeling of spatial distribution for scorpions of medical importance in the São Paulo State, Brazil - José Brites-Neto and Keila Maria Roncato Duarte

Veterinary World, 8(7): 823-830

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.823-830

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Abstract

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Aim: In this work, we aimed to develop maps of modeling geographic distribution correlating to environmental suitability for the two species of scorpions of medical importance at São Paulo State and to develop spatial configuration parameters for epidemiological surveillance of these species of venomous animals.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 54 georeferenced points for Tityus serrulatus and 86 points for Tityus bahiensis and eight environmental indicators, were used to generate species distribution models in Maxent (maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions) version 3.3.3k using 70% of data for training (n=38 to T. serrulatus and n=60 to T. bahiensis) and 30% to test the models (n=16 for T. serrulatus and n=26 for T. bahiensis). The logistic threshold used to cut models in converting the continuous probability model into a binary model was the “maximum test sensitivity plus specificity,” provided by Maxent, with results of 0.4143 toT. serrulatus and of 0.3401 to T. bahiensis. The models were evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), using the omission error and the binomial probability. With the data generated by Maxent, distribution maps were produced using the “ESRI® ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop” software.

Results: The models had high predictive success (AUC=0.7698±0.0533, omission error=0.2467 and p<0.001 for T. serrulatus and AUC=0.8205±0.0390, omission error=0.1917 and p<0.001 for T. bahiensis) and the resultant maps showed a high environmental suitability in the north, central, and southeast of the state, confirming the increasing spread of these species. The environmental variables that mostly contributed to the scorpions species distribution model were rain precipitation (28.9%) and tree cover (28.2%) for the T. serrulatus and temperature (45.8%) and thermal amplitude (12.6%) for the T. bahiensis.

Conclusion: The distribution model of these species of medical importance scorpions in São Paulo State revealed a higher environmental suitability of these species in the regions north, central, and southeast of the state, warning to emergencies actions for prevention and surveillance from scorpion stings in several counties. There is also a need to best conservation strategies related to neighboring territories, with the implementation of new environmental protected areas and measures of spread control of these species in urban areas of several counties.

Keywords: binomial probability, environmental variable, georeferencing, maxent, Tityus bahiensis, Tityus serrulatus.

Diagnosis of urinary bladder diseases in dogs by using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography

Research (Published online: 07-07-2015)

1.  Diagnosis of urinary bladder diseases in dogs by using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography - Dinesh Dehmiwal, S.M.Behl, Prem Singh, Rishi Tayal, Madan Pal and R.K.Chandolia

Veterinary World, 8(7): 819-822

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.819-822

Abstract

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Aim: The objective of this study was to obtain and compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonographic images of the urinary bladder in different disease conditions.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducting on total 10clinical cases of the urinary bladder in dogs. The ultrasound (US) machine used for this study was 3D US machine (Nemio-XG: Toshiba, Japan) having a four-dimensional volumetric probe.

Results: In the present study, the inflamed thickened wall was clearly visible with the distinction of different layers of the urinary bladder wall in some of the cases of cystitis using 2D ultrasonography. In 3D sonogram, the urinary bladder was visualized as a large anechoic structure with no distinction of different layers of the bladder wall. The cystoliths were clearly visible as hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadow in 2D sonogram and appeared as a bright echogenic area in 3D sonogram. In case of urinary bladder neoplasia in 2D ultrasonogram, the bladder lumen was found to be occluded with a large growth imaged as focal anechoic areas in the tissue of mixed echogenicity with small hyperechoic dots in this tissue parenchyma. In 3D ultrasonogram, a tissue of mixed echogenicity of pus was also observed.

Conclusion: From the present study it was concluded that 2D and 3D ultrasonography is very helpful for diagnosis of different clinical conditions of the urinary bladder such as cystitis, cystoliths, and urinary bladder neoplasia. The cavity of urinary bladder was more clearly visualized in 3D ultrasonography, but the distinction of different layers of the bladder wall was visualized only in 2D ultrasonography. The distinct shadow of pus and cystoliths were visible in 2D ultrasonogram. The visualization of pus in 3D ultrasonography was done for the first time in present study.

Keywords: anechoic, cystitis, cystoliths, hyperechoic, hypoechoic, neoplasia, ultrasonography.

Hematocrit alterations and its effects in naturally infected indigenous cattle breeds due to Trypanosoma spp. on the Adamawa Plateau - Cameroon

Research (Published online: 30-06-2015)

22.  Hematocrit alterations and its effects in naturally infected indigenous cattle breeds due to Trypanosoma spp. on the Adamawa Plateau - Cameroon  - A. Mamoudou, V. K. Payne and S. L. Sevidzem

Veterinary World, 8(6): 813-818

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.813-818

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Abstract

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Aim: An experimental study was carried out on 148 naturally infected indigenous cattle breeds with either single or mix infections of various species of trypanosomes. The objectives of this study were to determine the species of trypanosomes, observe their hematopathological consequences on host-related risk factors and to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) of the infected group.

Materials and Methods: The buffy coat method (BCM) which is a variant of the hematocrit centrifugation method was used for the parasitological and hematological analysis. The May Grünwald-Giemsa method was also used for the identification of different trypanosome species.

Results: The infection rate in accordance with the various trypanosomes was as follows: Trypanosoma congolense + Trypanosoma brucei (1.35%), Trypanosoma vivax + T. brucei (1.35%), T. congolense + T. vivax (8.11%), T. congolense + T. vivax + T. brucei(8.78%), T. brucei brucei (11.48%), T. vivax (20.94%), T. congolense (47.97%). The infection rate with respect to breeds showed the following results - Brahman (1.0%), Red Fulani (5.2%), White Fulani (6.5%) and Gudali (16.7%), with no statistical significant difference (p>0.05). The combined mean PCV of single as well as mix infections was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean PCV of males (25.64±5.08 standard deviation [SD]) which was lower than that of females (30.82±4.94 SD) was statistically significant (p<0.05). The body condition of infected animals with sex showed that a greater proportion of males with "Poor" and "Medium" conditions showed high prevalence than females with the same conditions, with a significant difference (p<0.05). However, females showed a "Good" condition than males even though it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The PCV profile of the infected group showed that the highest proportion of infected animals had PCV of ≤31% than PCV >31%. The mean weight of the animals was (265.41±95.36 SD). A scatter-linear plot of infected buffy coat against mean PCV showed a negative parametric correlation.

Conclusion: Distinguished Trypanosoma spp. pathogenicity, emaciation and weight loss related anemia, poor body condition, sex and the response of different breeds to various trypanosomes were highly affected and are of vital importance in diagnosis and act as a contribution to future control and treatment plans in this area.

Keywords: hematocrit, buffy coat method, body condition, anemia, trypanosome, breed, cattle, Adamaoua Plateau - Cameroon.

Effect of supplementation of butylated hydroxytoluene on post-thaw sperm viability, motility and membrane integrity of Hariana bulls

Research (Published online: 30-06-2015)

21.  Effect of supplementation of butylated hydroxytoluene on post-thaw sperm viability, motility and membrane integrity of Hariana bulls- Akhil Patel, Atul Saxena, Dilip Kumar Swain, Dushyant Yadav, Sanjay Singh Yadav, Abhishek Kumar and Anuj Kumar

Veterinary World, 8(6): 808-812

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.808-812

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Abstract

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Aim: This study was aimed to see the beneficial effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a semen additive of Hariana bull semen.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Hariana bulls. Twenty-four ejaculates from two bulls were used for this study. Each ejaculate was extended with standard glycerolated egg yolk tris extender and supplemented with BHT at two concentrations as 0.5 mM (T1) and 1.0 mM (T2). After dilution, equilibration and 24 h of cryopreservation, the samples were analyzed for progressive motility, sperm viability and membrane integrity.

Results: Progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the samples fortified with BHT as compared to the control during the process of cryopreservation and thawing. The BHT concentration of 1 mM revealed better results as compared to 0.5 mM.

Conclusion: Addition of 1.0 mM BHT was found better in cryopreservation of Hariana bull semen compared to 0.5 mM BHT and control samples. The addition of BHT has improved the sperm quality by acting as an antioxidant thereby reducing the lipid peroxidation of the sperms.

Keywords: sperm, viability, butylated hydroxytoluene, membrane integrity, antioxidant, Hariana bull.

A comparative therapeutic management of anoestrus in buffaloes using insulin and GnRH

Research (Published online: 30-06-2015)

20.  A comparative therapeutic management of anoestrus in buffaloes using insulin and GnRH - R. D. Purkayastha, S. N. Shukla, O. P. Shrivastava and P. R. Kumar

Veterinary World, 8(6): 804-807

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.804-807

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Abstract

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Aim: Anoestrus is one of the most common functional disorders of the reproductive cycle in buffaloes. In spite of technical advancement, there is no single cure for the management of anoestrus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out the efficacy of gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) and metabolic hormone for the management of true anoestrus in buffaloes.

Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were selected on the basis of history, gyneco-clinical examinations and progesterone estimation. Deworming was done with Fenbendazole and thereafter mineral mixture was given @ 50 g per animal per day for 10 days in all the selected buffaloes before the start of treatment. The selected buffaloes were randomly divided into four groups (n=25). In Group I, buffaloes were administered 20 μg of buserelin intramuscularly. Buffaloes of Group II were administered long-acting insulin @ 0.25 IU/Kg body weight subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days. In Group III, buffaloes were treated with a combination of insulin and buserelin in the above-mentioned doses whereas buffaloes of Group IV were kept as untreated control.

Results: The higher oestrus induction (64% vs. 28%) was found in Group III and differed significantly (p<0.05) as compared to control group. The conception rate (69.23% vs. 66.66%) was also found higher in Group III but did not differ significantly among the treated groups. The mean time taken for the onset of oestrus was recorded significantly shorter in insulin (8.80±0.69) and GnRH (7.60±0.92 days) alone and as compared to other (Group III, 14.43±0.83 and Group IV, 20.57±1.69 days) groups.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated better fertility response using Insulin plus Buserelin in true anoestrus buffaloes under field conditions.

Keywords: anoestrus, buffalo, buserelin, gonadotropic releasing hormone, insulin.

Effect of preputial washing on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls

Research (Published online: 28-06-2015)

19.  Effect of preputial washing on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls - G. S. Meena, V. S. Raina, A. K. Gupta, T. K. Mohanty, M. Bhakat, M. Abdullah and R. Bishist

Veterinary World, 8(6): 798-803

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.798-803

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Abstract

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Aim: To study the effect of preputial washing on bacterial load, preservability and semen quality in Murrah buffalo bulls

Materials and Methods: A total of 36 collections of three Murrah buffalo bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, were collected at weekly intervals from each bull without preputial washing and latter ejaculates from same bull with preputial washing by infusing normal saline (0.85%), KMnO4 (0.02%) and savlon (2.0%) to first, second and third bull, respectively. The microbial load and semen quality were evaluated during different hours of storage at refrigerated temperature (0, 24 and 48 h) and after thrawing of cryopreserved (at −196°C) semen.

Results: The results of preservation of semen at refrigerated temperature showed that bacterial load was markedly lower in ejaculates of bulls subjected to preputial washing. Semen preserved at refrigerator temperature and cryopreserved, the effect of washing solution was significant for individual motility (IM), non-eosiniphilic count, hypo-osmotic swelling reactivity (HOST), total plate count (TPC) and acrosome integrity. KMnO4 was found to be the best in lowering bacterial load, sperm abnormalities and in improving semen quality such as motility, non-eosinophilic count, HOST and acrosome integrity even up to 48 h of preservation and cryopreserved semen. Effect of duration of preservation and stage of cryopreservation was also significant for IM, non-eosiniphilic count, HOST, sperm abnormalities and acrosome integrity.

Conclusion: Overall the results suggested that preputial washing with KMnO4 solution improved the semen quality and reduced microbial load of Murrah buffalo bull’s semen preserved at refrigerated temperature and cryopreservation.

Keywords: preputial washing, bacterial load, semen quality, preservability, Murrah buffalo bull.

Effect of feeding sugarcane press mud on carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of lambs

Research (Published online: 28-06-2015)

18.  Effect of feeding sugarcane press mud on carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of lambs - Ranjan Kumar, Subodh Kumar Saha and Sanjod Kumar Mendiratta

Veterinary World, 8(6): 793-797

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.793-797

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Abstract

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Aim: To explore the possibilities of feeding unconventional agro-industrial byproduct for livestock production. Sugarcane press-mud (SPM), is a byproduct derived from sugarcane industry, which is rich in protein as well as minerals. The effects of dietary inclusion of SPM at different levels on the carcass characteristics of lambs were evaluated.

Materials and Methods: SPM was incorporated in concentrate mixture at different levels 0% (SP0 - concentrate mixture without SPM [Control diet]), 10% (SP10 - concentrate mixture containing 10% SPM) and 20% (SP20 - concentrate mixture containing 20% SPM). The concentrate mixtures were fed along with wheat straw for 180 days. At the end of the experimental period, six lambs per group were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and meat quality characteristics.

Results: No significant difference was observed in dressing percentage on pre-slaughter weight or empty body weight basis of lambs fed different levels of SPM incorporated diets. Likewise carcass weight, carcass length, and wholesale cuts appeared to have similar values among groups. The yield of visceral organs, chemical composition, and sensory attributes were not statistically affected by inclusion of SPM in the diets except juiciness of control group meat was significantly (p<0.05) higher than treatment group (SP20).

Conclusion: The SPM can be incorporated in the diet of lambs up to the level of 20% without affecting the carcass characteristics of lambs.

Keywords: carcass characteristics, lambs, sensory attributes, sugarcane press-mud.

Clinico-pathology, hematology, and biochemistry responses toward Pasteurella multocida Type B: 2 via oral and subcutaneous route of infections

Research (Published online: 24-06-2015)

17.  Clinico-pathology, hematology, and biochemistry responses toward Pasteurella multocida Type B: 2 via oral and subcutaneous route of infections - Eric Lim Teik Chung, Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Lawan Adamu, Ali Dhiaa Marza, Hayder Hamzah Ibrahim, Mohd Zamri-Saad, Abdul Wahid Haron, Abdul Aziz Saharee, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila, Abdul Rahman Omar, Md Zuki Abu Bakar and Mohd Jefri Norsidin

Veterinary World, 8(6): 783-792

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.783-792

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Abstract

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Background: Pasteurella multocida a Gram-negative bacterium has been identified as the causative agent of many economically important diseases in a wide range of hosts. Hemorrhagic septicemia is a disease caused by P. multocida serotype B:2 and E:2. The organism causes acute, a highly fatal septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality in cattle and more susceptible in buffaloes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs, blood parameters, post mortem and histopathology changes caused by P. multocida Type B:2 infections initiated through the oral and subcutaneous routes.

Methods: Nine buffalo heifers were divided equally into 3 treatment groups. Group 1 was inoculated orally with 10 ml of phosphate buffer saline; Groups 2 and 3 were inoculated with 10 ml of 1012 colony forming unit of P. multocida Type B:2 subcutaneously and orally respectively.

Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in temperature between the subcutaneous and the control group. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, leukocytes, monocytes, and A: G ratio between the subcutaneous and the control group. Furthermore, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in leukocytes, band neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, thrombocytes, plasma protein, icterus index, gamma glutamyl tranferase and A: G ratio between the oral and the control group. The post mortem lesions of the subcutaneous group buffaloes showed generalized hyperemia, congestion and hemorrhage of the immune organs, gastrointestinal tract organs and vital organs. The oral group buffaloes showed mild lesions in the lung and liver. Histologically, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in hemorrhage and congestion; necrosis and degeneration; inflammatory cells infiltration; and edema in between the groups.

Conclusion: This study was a proof that oral route infection of P. multocida Type B:2 can be used to stimulate host cell responses where oral vaccine through feed can be developed in the near future.

Keywords: buffalo heifers, clinico-pathology, hematology and biochemistry responses, oral route, Pasteurella multocida Type B:2, subcutaneous route.

Effect of infrared lamps to ameliorate cold stress in Vrindavani calves

Research (Published online: 24-06-2015)

16.  Effect of infrared lamps to ameliorate cold stress in Vrindavani calves - Showkat A. Bhat, Bharat Bhushan, Sajad A. Sheikh, T. Chandrasekar, Asu Singh Godara, Pranay Bharti and K. Puhle Japheth

Veterinary World, 8(6): 777-782

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.777-782

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Abstract

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Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of infrared lamps to ameliorate cold stress in Vrindavani (Holstein Friesian × Brown Swiss × Jersey × Hariana) calves.

Materials and Methods: For the present investigation, ten newborn Vrindavani calves were randomly divided into two groups (G1 and G2) of five each. The experiment was conducted from 2nd November to 8th February when the environmental temperature was at the lowest. The calves of G1 were provided with no additional protection while the calves of G2 were protected against the cold weather by providing heat using the infrared lamps. The body weight (kg) of the calves was recorded at weekly interval. The blood samples collected within 6 h of birth and then at fortnightly interval were analyzed for packed cell volume (PCV, %), hemoglobin (Hb, g/dl). Besides, the serum biochemical parameters, viz., Total serum protein (TSP, g/l), albumin (g/l), globulin (g/l), albumin globulin ratio (A:G) and important stress parameters, viz., triiodothyronine (T3, ng/ml), thyroxine (T4, ng/ml) and cortisol (ng/ml) were also estimated.

Results: The calves of G2 showed higher body weight gain as compared to G1. The differences were found to be highly significant (p<0.01). The calves in G1 showed comparatively higher values of PCV and Hb and the differences were found to be significant (p<0.05) on 45th day for PCV and highly significant (p<0.01) on 60th day for PCV and on 45th day for Hb. The values of TSP and albumin were comparatively higher in calves of G1 as compared to G2 and the differences were highly significant (p<0.01) on 45th day for both TSP and albumin and significant (p<0.05) on 60th day for albumin. Significantly (p<0.01) higher values of cortisol and T4 were observed on 15 and 45th day in calves of G1 as compared to G2. The T3 levels were also found higher in calves of G1 than G2 and the differences were significant (p<0.05) on 15 and 30th day and highly significant (p<0.01) on 45th day of the study.

Conclusion: Based on the results, it could be concluded that the infrared lamps are efficient in providing favorable microclimate and hence can be effectively used in calf shed to protect newborn calves from adverse conditions of winter and to improve their body growth performance.

Keywords: body weight, cold stress, infrared lamps, Vrindavani calves.

Partial characterization of a novel anti-inflammatory protein from salivary gland extract of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

Research (Published online: 24-06-2015)

15.  Partial characterization of a novel anti-inflammatory protein from salivary gland extract of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks - Mayukh Ghosh, Nirmal Sangwan and Arun K. Sangwan

Veterinary World, 8(6): 772-776

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.772-776

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Abstract

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Aim: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks transmit Theileria annulata, causative agent of tropical theileriosis to cattle and buffaloes causing a major economic loss in terms of production and mortality in tropical countries. Ticks have evolved several immune evading strategies to circumvent hosts’ rejection and achieve engorgement. Successful feeding of ticks relies on a pharmacy of chemicals located in their complex salivary glands and secreted saliva. These chemicals in saliva could inhibit host inflammatory responses through modulating cytokine secretion and detoxifying reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the present study was aimed to characterize anti-inflammatory peptides from salivary gland extract (SGE) of H. a. anatolicum ticks with a view that this information could be utilized in raising vaccines, designing synthetic peptides or peptidomimetics which can further be developed as novel therapeutics.

Materials and Methods: Salivary glands were dissected out from partially fed adult female H. a. anatolicum ticks and homogenized under the ice to prepare SGE. Gel filtration chromatography was performed using Sephadex G-50 column to fractionate the crude extract. Protein was estimated in each fraction and analyzed for identification of anti-inflammatory activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was run for further characterization of protein in desired fractions.

Results: A novel 28 kDa protein was identified in H. a. anatolicum SGE with pronounced anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusion: Purification and partial characterization of H. a. anatolicum SGE by size-exclusion chromatography and SDSPAGE depicted a 28 kDa protein with prominent anti-inflammatory activity.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, size-exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tropical theileriosis. 

Emerging status of anaplasmosis in cattle in Hisar

Research (Published online: 21-06-2015)

14.  Emerging status of anaplasmosis in cattle in Hisar - Tarun Kumar, Neelesh Sindhu, Gaurav Charaya, Ankit Kumar, Parmod Kumar, Gauri Chandratere, Divya Agnihotri and Rajesh Khurana

Veterinary World, 8(6): 768-771

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.768-771

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Abstract

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Aim: Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial pathogen responsible for progressive anemia in ruminants leading to huge economic losses. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anaplasmosis and therapeutic evaluation of traditional line of treatment.

Materials and Methods: A total of 168 cattle presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar during the period of 3 months (July-September, 2014) with history of fever, anorexia, reduced milk yield and tick infestation were analyzed for prevalence of hemoprotozoan diseases using classical giemsa stained thin blood smear parasitological method.

Results: Out of these 168 animals, 7 (4.17%) were found to be suffering from anaplasmosis on the basis of presence of dense, rounded, intra-erythrocytic bodies situated on or near the margin of the erythrocytes. Overall prevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis were found to be 42.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Level of parasitemia was noticed to be 1.2%, 0.8% and 0.9% in babesiosis, theileriosis, and anaplasmosis, respectively. The most marked and common clinical signs reported in all the cases were severe anemia (hemoglobin=3-6 g/dl) and history of fever, followed by normal body temperature. Following treatment with oxytetracycline parenterally along with supportive therapy out of seven cases six got recovered without any side-effects.

Conclusion: The current study indicates the emerging status of anaplasmosis in this part of the country as during the past few years there are very few reports showing the prevalence of clinical cases of anaplasmosis. Treatment with oxytetracycline yielded excellent result showing recovery in most of the clinical cases.

Keywords: anaplasmosis, giemsa staining, hemoprotozoan, oxytetracycline.

Zoonotic importance of canine scabies and dermatophytosis in relation to knowledge level of dog owners

Research (Published online: 21-06-2015)

13.  Zoonotic importance of canine scabies and dermatophytosis in relation to knowledge level of dog owners - Heli S. Raval, J. B. Nayak, B. M. Patel and C. M. Bhadesiya

Veterinary World, 8(6): 763-767

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.763-767

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Abstract

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Aim: The present study was undertaken to understand the zoonotic importance of canine scabies and dermatophytosis with special reference to the knowledge level of dog owners in urban areas of Gujarat.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in randomly selected 120 dog owners of 3 urban cities (viz., Ahmedabad, Anand and Vadodara) of Gujarat state, India. Dog owners (i.e., respondents) were subjected to a detailed interview regarding the zoonotic importance of canine scabies and dermatophytosis in dogs. Ex-post-facto research design was selected because of the independent variables of the selected respondent population for the study. The crucial method used in collecting data was a field survey to generate null hypothesis (Ho1). Available data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: The three independent variables, viz., extension contact (r=0.522**), mass-media exposure (r=0.205*) and management orientation (r=0.264**) had significant relationship with knowledge of dog owners about zoonotic diseases. Other independent variables,viz., education, experience in dog keeping and housing space were observed to have negative and non-significant relationship with knowledge of dog owners about zoonotic diseases.

Conclusion: Extension contact, exposure to extension mass-media, management orientation and innovation proneness among dog owners of 3 urban cities of Gujarat state had significant relationship with knowledge of dog owners on zoonotic aspects of canine scabies and dermatophytosis. Data provided new insights on the present status of zoonotic diseaseawareness, which would be an aid to plan preventive measures.

Keywords: canine scabies, dermatophytosis, dog owners, Gujarat, knowledge level, zoonotic importance.

Ethnoecological knowledge of ticks and treatment of tick-borne diseases among Maasai people in Northern Tanzania

Research (Published online: 20-06-2015)

12.  Ethnoecological knowledge of ticks and treatment of tick-borne diseases among Maasai people in Northern Tanzania - John Kioko, Julia Baker, Avery Shannon and Christian Kiffner

Veterinary World, 8(6): 755-762

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.755-762

Abstract

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Aim: The aim of this study was to understand traditional knowledge of tick ecology and remedies for tick-borne diseases (TBDs) among the Maasai people in northern Tanzania.

Materials and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among specific groups likely to be knowledgeable about tick ecology and TBDs in livestock among the Maasai people.

Results: A total of 25 plant species belonging to 18 families were used to treat 8 different TBDs of livestock. Most of the plant species used were of Fabaceae and Burseraceae families. Aloe volkensii, Cissus grandifolia, and Terminalia brownii were the most commonly used plant species. The major plant growth form used was trees, while stems and bark were the main plant parts used. Most treatments were taken orally.

Conclusion: Maasai people have substantial knowledge on tick ecology exemplified by their ability to differentiate between different tick species and the range of remedies for each of the TBDs. Because traditional ethnoveterinary remedies are frequently utilized, their effectiveness should be further investigated.

Keywords: ethnoveterinary medicine, Maasai, Tanzania, tick-borne diseases, tick ecology. 

Hematobiochemical alterations of acute chlorpyriphos intoxication in indigenous chicken

Research (Published online: 20-06-2015)

11.  Hematobiochemical alterations of acute chlorpyriphos intoxication in indigenous chicken - Shameem Ara Begum, Tirtha Nath Upadhyaya, Gautam Kumar Baruah, Taibur Rahman, Debesh Chandra Pathak, Kabita Sarma and Rumi Saikia Bora

Veterinary World, 8(6): 750-754

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.750-754

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Abstract

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Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to elaborate hematobiochemical alterations of acute chlorpyriphos (CPF) toxicity in indigenous chicken. Since there is no available literature on the detailed hematobiochemical changes of CPF in indigenous chicken, hence, the present study was designed to establish toxicological effect of CPF on blood biochemical parameters of indigenous chicken which are at a great risk of exposure to pesticides. These will help physiologist, pathologist, and poultry scientists for effective production strategy as well as disease control regime.

Materials and Methods: The birds were divided into two major Groups I and II. Group I served as control and Group II was treated with CPF (36 mg/kg). Blood samples were assayed for hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, and biochemical constituents such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholinesterase (CHE), total protein, and uric acid.

Results: Hb, TEC, and TLC levels increased significantly (p<0.01) in toxin fed birds, whereas, lymphocyte percent decreased significantly, and heterophil percent increased significantly. Serum ALP, AST, ALT, and uric acid increased significantly in CPF treated birds. Decreased serum CHE values were observed in CPF fed group. The protein level remained almost same. Uric acid level was found to be increased significantly in the treated group compared to control.

Conclusion: The results indicated that acute CPF intoxication produce changes in hematology and biochemical constituents of the treated birds.

Keywords: acute toxicity, biochemical, chlorpyriphos, hematology.